BPOL 2 Flashcards
What is the law of independent assortment
The alleles of one gene sort into gametes independently of the alleles of another gene. If two genes are located on different chromosomes, the segregation of one gene will not affect the other
What is the law of segregation
Parents have two alleles for each characteristic but only one from each is passed onto offspring. They segregate randomly at gamete formation and combine at fertilisation
What is hybridisations
The cross breeding of two genetically no identical individuals. Occurs both in nature and artificially
What is selective breeding / artificial selection
Involves the human manipulation of living organisms by selecting those which should breed ensuring they pass on their favourable characteristics
What is hybrid vigour
Hybrid plants/animals that are heterozygous for particular alleles tend to have increased strength, better health, and greater fertility in the hybrid individuals
Successful hybridisation
Give an example of hybridisation
In 1870, William career moved to Aus knowing that wheat growing was presenting problems. The strains being grown were not suited to the harsh, dry environment, susceptible to disease, matured warily and the grain quality was not of a high enough standard for milling and baking.
Fatter hybridised an Indian wheat (etauch - tolerant and resistant to some diseases) and Canadian wheat (fife- matured late and had the best milling and baking qualities). This produced ‘yandilla’
Farrer then crossed yandilla with a stronger higher yielding variety called purple straw. The result was called ‘federation’ and had the hardiness of etauch, tendency to escape rust disease and short strong straw that made it ideal to Aus climate
What did Sutton and boveri discover
Genetic units were carried on chromosomes in the nucleus and NOT the cytoplasm
Role of chromosomes
Theory of chromosomal inheritance
What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance
Genes are the units of heredity and are physical in nature found in chromosomes
What is hybridisations
The cross breeding of two genetically no identical individuals. Occurs both in nature and artificially
What is selective breeding / artificial selection
Involves the human manipulation of living organisms by selecting those which should breed ensuring they pass on their favourable characteristics
What is hybrid vigour
Hybrid plants/animals that are heterozygous for particular alleles tend to have increased strength, better health, and greater fertility in the hybrid individuals
Successful hybridisation
Give an example of hybridisation
In 1870, William career moved to Aus knowing that wheat growing was presenting problems. The strains being grown were not suited to the harsh, dry environment, susceptible to disease, matured warily and the grain quality was not of a high enough standard for milling and baking.
Fatter hybridised an Indian wheat (etauch - tolerant and resistant to some diseases) and Canadian wheat (fife- matured late and had the best milling and baking qualities). This produced ‘yandilla’
Farrer then crossed yandilla with a stronger higher yielding variety called purple straw. The result was called ‘federation’ and had the hardiness of etauch, tendency to escape rust disease and short strong straw that made it ideal to Aus climate
What did Sutton and boveri discover
Genetic units were carried on chromosomes in the nucleus and NOT the cytoplasm
Role of chromosomes
Theory of chromosomal inheritance
What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance
Genes are the units of heredity and are physical in nature found in chromosomes
