Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for STIs?

A
  • young age
  • failure to use barrier contraceptives
  • non-regular sexual relationships
  • men who have sex with men
  • IV drug use
  • african origin
  • social deprivation
  • sex workers
  • poor access to advice and treatment of STIs
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2
Q

What are the determinants of risky sexual behaviour?

A
  • individual factors: low self-esteem, lack of skills, lack of knowledge of the risks of unsafe sex
  • external influences: peer pressure, attitudes and prejudices of society
  • service provision: accessibility of sexual health services and/or lack of resources like condoms
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3
Q

Describe NAATs

A
- nucleic acid and amplification testing
(swab in vagina and rotated for 30s)
- detects DNA
- for chlamydia and n.gonnorhoea 
- PCR for herpes
- 2 week window
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4
Q

Describe microscopy, culture and sensitivity testing

A
  • for n. gonorrhoea, candida, BV and trichomonas vaginalis

- charcoal swab

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5
Q

Describe blood testing

A
  • for syphilis, HIV and hepatitis
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6
Q

Describe the features of chlamydia

A
  • has different serotypes for different types of infection
  • D-K = genital infection
  • symptoms include vaginal/urethral/anal discharge, post-coital bleeding, epididymal tenderness etc
  • can be asymptomatic
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7
Q

What are the complications of chlamydia?

A
  • pelvic inflammatory disease (associated with infertility, ectopic and pain)
  • sexually acquired reactive arthritis
  • epididymo-orchitis
  • peri-hepatitis
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8
Q

What is the management for chlamydia?`

A
  • doxycycline 100mg twice a day for a week
  • avoid sexual contact for duration of treatment
  • partner notification
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9
Q

What is LGV?

A
  • lymphogranuloma venerum
  • caused by one of the 3 invasive serovars of chlamydia (L1/2/3)
  • presents as solitary genital lesion, proctitis, lymphadenopathy
  • treated with doxycycline
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10
Q

Describe the different manifestations of gonorrhoea and the symptoms

A
  • penile urethral infection (muculopurulent discharge)
  • female urethral infection (increased/decreased frequency or urinartion or dysuria)
  • endocervical infection (increased/altered vaginal discharge, maybe lower abdo pain)
  • rectal (mostly asymptomatic but can cause anal discharge/discomfort/pain)
  • pharyngeal (mostly asymptomatic but can cause sore throat)
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11
Q

What is the management for gonorrhoea?

A
  • ceftriaxone
  • ciprofloxacin
  • partner notification and treatment
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12
Q

Describe thrush

A
  • acute dermatitis of vulva/vagina caused by yeast invasian (candida albicans)
  • causes itch, vulval pain, superficial dyspareunia
  • curd like white vaginal discharge
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13
Q

What is the treatment for thrush?

A
  • topical clotrimazole
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14
Q

Describe the stages of syphilis

A
  • primary: hard genital or oral ulcer at site of infection
  • secondary: red maculopapular rash everywhere and moist papules in UG region and mouth
  • tertiary: degeneration of NS, aneurysms and granulomatous lesions (gummas) in liver, skin and bones
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15
Q

What is the treatment of symphilis?

A
  • early (primary, secondary or early latent): benzathine pencilin (single dose)
  • late latent, CV and gummatous syphilis: benzathine penicilin ( weekly for 3 weeks)
  • neurosyphilis: procaine penicillin once a day for 2 weeks and benzylpenicillin daily every 4hrs for 2 weeks
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16
Q

What can HPV cause and its treatment?

A

Can cause:

  • cervical carcinoma
  • UG warts
  • laryngeal papillomas
  • common, flat and plantar warts

Treatment:

  • podophyllum
  • cryo
  • laser
  • surgery
17
Q

Describe the types of herpes simplex virus

A
  • HSV-1: affects oral region and causes cold sores

- HSV-2: associated with genital infection

18
Q

Describe primary genital herpes and treatment

A
  • tingling neuropathic pain in genital area
  • extensive bilateral crops of painful blisters in genital area including vagina and cervix in women
  • tender inguinal lymph nodes and local oedema
  • dysuria
  • discharge
  • can reoccur

Treatment:

  • saline bathing
  • LA
  • aciclovir