sexually transmitted infections Flashcards
some consequences of STIs
Infertility
* Ectopic pregnancy
* Cervical cancer
* Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
* Congenital infections
* Adverse pregnancy outcomes
* Death of infants and adults
some common STI symptoms
fever
chills
headache
muscle aches
sore throat
swollen lymph nodes
rashes
fatigue
night sweats
mouth ulcers
some differences between UTIs and STDs
some occurences that are unlikely in UTIs but likely/happen in STDs ;
vaginal/urethral/abdominal or rectal discharges
genital rash/sores/blisters
genital itch
spotting( light vaginal bleeding that occurs outside of your regular menstrual cycle)
painful intercourse
vaginal or rectal pain
there is no blood in urine in STDs but there is in UTIs
no cloudy or smelly urine in STDS or it is unlikely, but there is in UTIs
note that fever is less common in STDs but still occur
name some common STIs
syphillis
trichomoniasis
gonorrhea
HPV (human papilloma virus )
Hepatitis B
Chlamydia
HHV-8 (human herpes virus 8)
HIV
herpes
the most common sti in the UK
chlamydia
chlamydia is mostly symptomatic, true or false
false it is asymptomatic in most cases
mostly affects women
some symptoms of chlamydia in women
Increased vaginal or cervical
discharge – this can be purulent
(containing pus)
- Deep pain during sex
- Bleeding after sex
- Intermenstrual bleeding
- Dysuria
some chlamydia symptoms in men
Dysuria
* Urethral discharge
* Pain in the testicles
the NCSP, what it stands for, and what it is aimed at and any other important thing you know about it
National Chlamydia Screening Programme
Aimed at sexually active people under 25, to reduce the cases of untreated chlamydia
It’s recommended that these individuals get screened annually if they have any risk factors, such as new or multiple sexual partners.
Chlamydia is typically diagnosed through urine samples or swabs from the cervix, urethra, or throat (depending on sexual behavior).
The urine test (for both men and women) is the most common method of screening, as it is less invasive.
usually targets ages 16-24
results come back in 2 wks
first line treatment for chlamydia and the initial dose
precaution to be taken when taking this drug
doxycycline
Initially 200 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses for 1 day, then 100 mg daily. can only use for 7 days
no sexual activity while taking the treatment
this is a tetracycline antibiotic
dose from bnf(Initially 200 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses for 1 day, then 100 mg daily.)
second line treatment for chlamydia and the initial dose
precaution to be taken when taking this drug
Azithromycin
- 1g single dose(1 day), then 500mg daily
for two more days - No sexual activity for seven days
after treatment
this is a macrolide antibiotic
genital warts are caused by?
describe their appearance
HPV
The warts tend to be small and soft, but can link to look like cauliflower-like lumps
which areas are affected by genital warts
anywhere in the anogenital region
genital warts are painful true or false
false, they are usually painless
treatments for genital warts
Suggested treatments are
* Imiquimod cream (Aldara®)
* Podophyllotoxin cream (Warticon®)
HPV vaccination
for topical treatments, The patient would be shown by the prescriber where all the warts are, so they can be sure they are treating all of them
does HPV cause only warts?
no, it can also cause cancer
gonnorhea symptoms in women
there is a lot of antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea
Increased vaginal discharge
- Lower abdominal pain
- Dysuria – with no change in
frequency - Pain during sex
- Intermenstrual bleeding
in 50% of women it can be asymptomatic
some gonorrhea symptoms in men
Purulent urethral discharge
Dysuria – with no change in
frequency
in 10% of men can be asymtomatic, meaning its mostly symptomatic in men , compared to women
usual first line treatment for gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone 500mg , administered as IM injection – single dose
note that gono is generally managed in secondary care, and that contact tracing is important in gono, just as in chlamydia
contact tracing
Contact tracing is a public health method that identifies and isolates people who may have been exposed to an infectious disease. The goal is to stop the spread of the disease by breaking the chain of transmission
syphilis is not very common but in which scenario is syphilis more prevalent?
More prevalent in men who have sex with men (MSM)
GAY
how many stages of syphilis are there, and describe them
3
Primary: Presents as a single ulcer (chancre) in the anogenital region. Usually develops 14-21 days after infection. Can be 0.3-3cm in size
Secondary: Presents as a non-itchy rash – often involving the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.Wart -like lesions, Fever, headache, and malaise
Tertiary: Rarely seen – due to effective antibiotics being used as treatment
first line syphilis treatment
usual dose of this drug?
benzathine benzylpenicillin (BPG). it is a long acting treatment. note that this is unlicensed for syphilis in the uk
2.4 Mega Unit IM injection – single dose
The benzathine component makes it a long acting treatment
Trichomoniasis symptoms in women
note this condition is usually asymptomatic in half of women, and in 15-50% of men
Changes to vaginal discharge, classically frothy and yellow-green(in TCM) and can be thinner or thicker than
usual. Can also become more or less than usual
Vulvovaginal itching or soreness
Vaginal odour
Dysuria
Men usually present as partners of infected women
