Renal physiology and an introduction to AKI and CKD Flashcards
CALYCES description and function
cupl-like shapes in the kidney, and the collect urine and passing it onto the renal pelvis
they are conduits of urine basically
abdominal aorta
part of the aorta and runs through the abdomen
largest artery in the abdomen
what part of the nervous system is renal blood supply controlled by
the sympathetic division of the ANS
bowman’s capsule function
to initiate the ultrafiltration , capturing the initial filtrate and allowing the kidney to selectively reabsorb needed substances and excrete wastes
some key features of the glomerulus
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Mesangium
Podocyte cells
* Macular densa cells
* Juxtaglomerular cells
* Mesangial cells
efferent arteriole has a higher pressure than afferent, and a smaller diameter
starlings forces, and how many of them govern glomerular filtration
Forces that govern
the movement of water and solutes
out of a vessel
2
Hydrostatic pressure- force inside
vessel exerts pressure on the
membrane
Oncotic pressure- osmotic force
that drives water movement
the main forces involved in glomerular filtration
glomerular hydrostatic
oncotic
capsular hydrostatic
colloid
how does the kindey control blood pressure
the primary mechanism is through the RAAS system
also through hormonal regulation, by controlling erythropoeitin and calcitrol levels
also by controlling H2O levels in blood
Calcitriol helps regulate calcium levels, which can influence vascular resistance and blood pressure
organoleptic test of urine and what is analysed during these tests
an assessment based on sensory characteristics that can provide useful initial information about urine composition and potential underlying health conditions.
Colour
Smell
Presence of particles, which could affect clarity
proteinuria
Unusually high levels of protein present in the urine
usually protein levels of above 150mg/24hr indicate proteinuria.
