Sexually transmitted infection and urinary tract infection Flashcards
What causes syphilis?
bacterial infection caused by the spirochaete Teponema pallidum
When does the latent phase of syphilis occur?
between secondary and tertiary syphilis
What are the signs and symptoms of primary syphilis?
painless but highly infections sore (chancre) on genitals or mouth
lasts 2-6 weeks before disappearing
What are the symptoms of secondary syphilis?
skin rash, fever and sore throat
disappear within a few weeks
What causes herpes?
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
type 1 - cause of oral cold sores
type 2 - more associated with STI
What are predisposing factors to getting a UTI?
females
dehydration
obstruction
pregnancy
sexual intercourse
inadequate emptying
hydronephrosis and reflux
What are common bacterial causes of a UTI?
E. coli, proteus, Enterococci
What are the lower UTI?
urethritis and cystitis
What are the symptoms of a lower UTI?
dysuria
smelly, cloudy urine
urgency
frequency
cystitis - all of above plus suprapubic tenderness and haematuria
What additional symtoms do upper UTIs have?
loin pain
fever
chills
What are some of the complications of having a UTI?
sepsis
recurrent UTI leading to renal scarring - particularly in children
may require prophylactic antibiotic treatment - antibiotic resistance is increasing problem
How much bacteria must be present to be indicitive of infection?
> 100,000 CFU/ml
CFU = colony forming unit
What causes chlamydia?
bacterial pathogen
Chlamydia trachomatis
How is Chlamydia treated?
antibiotics - single dose of azithromycin
longer course of doxycycline
What are some of the serious consequences of having chlamydia?
pelvic inflammatory disease
ectopic pregnancy
tubal infertitlity
chronic pain
Reiter’s syndrome
increased HIV transmission
