Puberty Flashcards
What is the effect of environment on the age of menarche?
decreased age of menarche in more urban environments
puberty is delayed by an average of 2 years in rural environments compared to urban environments
What is anosmia?
What syndrome is it associated with?
loss of sense of smell
Kallman’s Syndrome
How would you treat delayed puberty in a female patient?
ethinyloestradiol
5-10 micrograms daily until puberty is established
How would you treat delayed puberty in a male patient?
testosterone
What are the characteristics of Klinefelters Syndrome?
lower IQ
tall stature
poor muscle tone
reduced secondary sexual characteristics
small testes/infertility
breast developement
Levels of which enxyme are likely to be raised in Klinefelters syndrome?
aromatase
Patients with Klinefelter syndrome have decreased testosterone levels due to Leydig cell dysfunction. Loss of Sertoli cells also occurs, and leads to decreased levels of inhibin. Thus plasma gonadotropin levels increase due to a lack of negative feedback. The increase in serum FSH up-regulates aromatase, which leads to increased conversion of testosterone to oestrogen. The estrogen:testosterone ratio is highly correlated to the degree of feminization in patients with Klinefelter syndrome.
What are the effects of leptin on the body?
What is constitutional delayed puberty?
puberty that is delayed for several years but still occurs normally
What is hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?
impaired secretion of gonadotrophins including FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary
decreased gonadotrophin levels decrease sex steroid production
possible cause of delayed puberty
What is hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism?
impaired response of the gonads to FSH and LH
lack of sex steroid production and elevated gonadotrophin levels
eg Klinefelter Syndrome
What is another name for a congenital hernia?
indirect hernia
