Antibiotics Flashcards
What is a side effect of gentamicin?
can damge acoustic nerves causing deafness
What is synergism?
using two antibiotics together to kill maximum number of bacteria
having an effect greater than the sum of the individual treatments
Where are lipid soluble drugs absorbed?
almost everywhere
well absorbed because they can pass through plasma membrane
What are the four routes of antibiotic administration?
oral
topical
intravenous
intramuscular
What is pharmokinetics?
what the body does to drugs
What is pharmodynamics?
what drugs do to the body
What is the mode of action for beta-lactam antibiotics?
inhibit cell wall synthesis
specifically synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer
Give some examples of beta-lactam antibiotics?
penicillins
cephalospororins
What is the MOA of gentamicin?
changes shape 30S portion of bacterial ribosome causing code on mRNA to be read incorrectly
What is MOA of fluoroquinolones?
interference with DNA and RNA synthesis
inhibition of topoisomerase II
They are most commonly given with penicillin as penicillin is a type of Beta-lactam ring antibiotic which inhibits the cell wall synthesis of bacteria.
Therefore, using these two together has a greater effect because the penicillin would break down the cell wall allowing entry for the fluoroquinolones which can then inhibit DNA/ RNA synthesis.
Why would you use a combination of antibiotics?
prevention of resistance
in serious infection
infection with more than one microorganism
unknown microorganism
enhanced efficiency
What is the beta-lactam ring?
What is the difference between a bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotic?
bacteriostatic - stops growh
bacteriacidal - kills
What is the MOA of isoniazid?
interference with cell membrane
