sexually transmitted diseases Flashcards
1
Q
genital warts cause
A
human papilloma virus
- HPV is most common STD
2
Q
genital warts manifestations
A
- anogenital warts (condylomas)
- internal warts: cauliflower-like, painless growth
- external genitalia: soft, raised, fleshy lesion, small bumps, flat or rough surface
3
Q
genital warts diagnosis
A
- cervical or anal pap smear and visual assessment
- can remove wart for testing
4
Q
genital warts treatment
A
- NONE
- most HPV infections are asymptomatic, transient, and may resolve within 2 years without treatment with intact immune system
- without intact immune system and lead to HIV
5
Q
genital warts
A
- people 15-24
- cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, rectal, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers
- may be asymptomatic in men
6
Q
trichomoniasis
A
- only vaginitis that’s sexually transmitted
- infection associated with other STI
antigen: anaerobic protozoan (T. vaginalis)
men: carry organism in urethra and prostate (can be asymptomatic)
women: can be asymptomatic, causes vaginitis when imbalance promotes proliferations of protozoan
7
Q
trichomoniasis pathogenesis
A
- parasite feeds on vaginal mucosa, ingests bacteria and leukocytes
8
Q
trichomoniasis manifestations
A
- copious, frothy, malodorous, green/yellow discharge
- erythema/edema infected mucosa, itching/irritation
> strawberry spots on cervix
9
Q
trichomoniasis complications
A
- risk factor for HIV transmission
- tubal infertility
- PID and premature birth
- nongonococcal urethritis/infertility in men
10
Q
trichomoniasis diagnosis/treatment
A
- ID protozoan wet-mount slide
- systematic treatment of infected person and sexual partners with oral metronidazole
11
Q
bacterial vaginosis
A
- related to sexual activity, not necessarily cause
> douching - new sexual partners, lack of vaginal lactobacilli
- many organisms can cause, bad flora outweigh good
12
Q
bacterial vaginosis manifestations
A
- grayish-white discharge, foul (fishy) odor
- increased risk PID, preterm labor, postpartum endometriosis
13
Q
bacterial vaginosis diagnosis
A
> 3 characteristics must be present
- homogeneous thin white discharge
- fishy, amine odor
- vaginal pH ^4.5
appearance of clue cells on microscope
14
Q
bacterial vaginosis treatment
A
- relieve symptoms
- restore good flora
- antifungals
- antibiotics
15
Q
chlamydia background
A
- most prevalent STI in US
- nongonococcal urethritis in men and PID in women
- ocular disease in neonates
- leading cause of blindness in other countries (flies, fomites, nonsexual transmission)
16
Q
chlamydia
A
- 48 hour growth cycle
- elementary body of bacteria attaches to host cell > ingested into cell > organizes self into a reticulate body (capable of reproduction) > reticulate bodies divide in the cells to form new elementary bodies > release when cells burst
17
Q
chlamydia manifestations
A
- asymptomatic and nonspecific (resembles gonorrhea)
18
Q
chlamydia manifestations: women
A
- mucopurulent cervical discharge
- leads to cervical hypertrophy, edema, extremely friable
- fallopian tube damage
19
Q
chlamydia manifestations: men
A
- urethritis
- meatal erythema/tenderness
- purulent penile discharge and itching
- prostatitis - epididymitis
20
Q
Reiter syndrome
A
- chlamydia
- urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis of weight-bearing joints (lower)
- mucocutaneous lesions on hands and feet
21
Q
chlamydia diagnosis
A
- gram stain: polymorphonuclear leukocytes in discharge
- NAATS (nonculture test): can detect chlamydia from other bacteria
22
Q
chlamydia treatment
A
- doxycycline
- azithromycin for pregnant women
23
Q
gonorrhea
A
> N. gonorrhoeae - pus forming (pyogenic) gram negative diplococcus
- humans are the only host
- grows best in warm, mucus secreting epithelia
24
Q
gonorrhea transmission
A
- primarily sexual intercourse
- perinatal (if baby not treated = blindness)
25
gonorrhea exposure
- manifests after 2-7 days exposure
> begins in anterior urethra and cervix
26
gonorrhea exposure: women
- produces endometriosis
- salpingitis
- PID
27
gonorrhea exposure: men
- prostatitis
- epididymis
28
gonorrhea exposure: pharyngitis and blood
- oral - genital contact
blood: bacteria infection of joints, heart valves, meninges
29
gonorrhea manifestations: men
- initial symptoms urethral pain, creamy yellow (sometimes bloody) discharge
- may be asympt
30
gonorrhea manifestations: women
- unusual genital or urinary discharge
- dysuria, dyspareunia
- pelvic pain/tenderness
- unusual vaginal bleeding
- may be asympt
31
gonorrhea diagnosis
- history
- symptoms
- ID organism on gram stain (gold standard)
- screen sexually active people
- test for other STIs
- screen pregnant women
32
gonorrhea treatment
- bacteria increasingly resistant to abx
- current treatment: 2 in 1
> ceftriaxone (injection) and azithromycin
32
syphilis bacteria
> treponema pallidum
- directly transmitted through exposure to infections/moist lesions
- sexual contact
-> transplacental after 16 weeks (still birth, defects, premature birth)
32
syphilis manifestations: primary
> chancre at exposure site (penis, vulva, anus, mouth)
- painless
- solitary, discrete, raised boarders
- inguinal lymphadenopathy
- highly contagious
-> usually heals 3-12 weeks without treatment
33
syphilis manifestations: secondary
> rash (palms, mucous membranes, meninges)
- fever, sore throat, stomatitis, nausea
- inflamed eyes
- intermittent 3 months to a year (come and go)
> elevated red-brown lesions, may ulcerate with foul-discharge
- highly infectious
33
syphilis treatment
- penicillin for several weeks
34
syphilis diagnosis
- dark field microscopy
- serology is primary, often repeated until detected
34
syphilis manifestations: tertiary
> after latent phase
- localized destructive granuloma - like lesions: GUMMAS
GUMMAS: rubbery, necrotic lesions, vary in size
- most common in liver, testes, bone
- cardiovascular lesions: scarring medial layer of thoracic aorta, forms aneurysm
- central nervous system: lesions, blindness, dementia, spinal cord injury
