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pathophys > sexually transmitted diseases > Flashcards

sexually transmitted diseases Flashcards

1
Q

genital warts cause

A

human papilloma virus
- HPV is most common STD

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2
Q

genital warts manifestations

A
  • anogenital warts (condylomas)
  • internal warts: cauliflower-like, painless growth
  • external genitalia: soft, raised, fleshy lesion, small bumps, flat or rough surface
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3
Q

genital warts diagnosis

A
  • cervical or anal pap smear and visual assessment
  • can remove wart for testing
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4
Q

genital warts treatment

A
  • NONE
  • most HPV infections are asymptomatic, transient, and may resolve within 2 years without treatment with intact immune system
  • without intact immune system and lead to HIV
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5
Q

genital warts

A
  • people 15-24
  • cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, rectal, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers
  • may be asymptomatic in men
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6
Q

trichomoniasis

A
  • only vaginitis that’s sexually transmitted
  • infection associated with other STI
    antigen: anaerobic protozoan (T. vaginalis)
    men: carry organism in urethra and prostate (can be asymptomatic)
    women: can be asymptomatic, causes vaginitis when imbalance promotes proliferations of protozoan
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7
Q

trichomoniasis pathogenesis

A
  • parasite feeds on vaginal mucosa, ingests bacteria and leukocytes
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8
Q

trichomoniasis manifestations

A
  • copious, frothy, malodorous, green/yellow discharge
  • erythema/edema infected mucosa, itching/irritation
    > strawberry spots on cervix
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9
Q

trichomoniasis complications

A
  • risk factor for HIV transmission
  • tubal infertility
  • PID and premature birth
  • nongonococcal urethritis/infertility in men
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10
Q

trichomoniasis diagnosis/treatment

A
  • ID protozoan wet-mount slide
  • systematic treatment of infected person and sexual partners with oral metronidazole
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11
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A
  • related to sexual activity, not necessarily cause
    > douching
  • new sexual partners, lack of vaginal lactobacilli
  • many organisms can cause, bad flora outweigh good
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12
Q

bacterial vaginosis manifestations

A
  • grayish-white discharge, foul (fishy) odor
  • increased risk PID, preterm labor, postpartum endometriosis
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13
Q

bacterial vaginosis diagnosis

A

> 3 characteristics must be present
- homogeneous thin white discharge
- fishy, amine odor
- vaginal pH ^4.5
appearance of clue cells on microscope

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14
Q

bacterial vaginosis treatment

A
  • relieve symptoms
  • restore good flora
  • antifungals
  • antibiotics
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15
Q

chlamydia background

A
  • most prevalent STI in US
  • nongonococcal urethritis in men and PID in women
  • ocular disease in neonates
  • leading cause of blindness in other countries (flies, fomites, nonsexual transmission)
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16
Q

chlamydia

A
  • 48 hour growth cycle
  • elementary body of bacteria attaches to host cell > ingested into cell > organizes self into a reticulate body (capable of reproduction) > reticulate bodies divide in the cells to form new elementary bodies > release when cells burst
17
Q

chlamydia manifestations

A
  • asymptomatic and nonspecific (resembles gonorrhea)
18
Q

chlamydia manifestations: women

A
  • mucopurulent cervical discharge
  • leads to cervical hypertrophy, edema, extremely friable
  • fallopian tube damage
19
Q

chlamydia manifestations: men

A
  • urethritis
  • meatal erythema/tenderness
  • purulent penile discharge and itching
  • prostatitis - epididymitis
20
Q

Reiter syndrome

A
  • chlamydia
  • urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis of weight-bearing joints (lower)
  • mucocutaneous lesions on hands and feet
21
Q

chlamydia diagnosis

A
  • gram stain: polymorphonuclear leukocytes in discharge
  • NAATS (nonculture test): can detect chlamydia from other bacteria
22
Q

chlamydia treatment

A
  • doxycycline
  • azithromycin for pregnant women
23
Q

gonorrhea

A

> N. gonorrhoeae - pus forming (pyogenic) gram negative diplococcus
- humans are the only host
- grows best in warm, mucus secreting epithelia

24
Q

gonorrhea transmission

A
  • primarily sexual intercourse
  • perinatal (if baby not treated = blindness)
25
Q

gonorrhea exposure

A
  • manifests after 2-7 days exposure
    > begins in anterior urethra and cervix
26
Q

gonorrhea exposure: women

A
  • produces endometriosis
  • salpingitis
  • PID
27
Q

gonorrhea exposure: men

A
  • prostatitis
  • epididymis
28
Q

gonorrhea exposure: pharyngitis and blood

A
  • oral - genital contact
    blood: bacteria infection of joints, heart valves, meninges
29
Q

gonorrhea manifestations: men

A
  • initial symptoms urethral pain, creamy yellow (sometimes bloody) discharge
  • may be asympt
30
Q

gonorrhea manifestations: women

A
  • unusual genital or urinary discharge
  • dysuria, dyspareunia
  • pelvic pain/tenderness
  • unusual vaginal bleeding
  • may be asympt
31
Q

gonorrhea diagnosis

A
  • history
  • symptoms
  • ID organism on gram stain (gold standard)
  • screen sexually active people
  • test for other STIs
  • screen pregnant women
32
Q

gonorrhea treatment

A
  • bacteria increasingly resistant to abx
  • current treatment: 2 in 1
    > ceftriaxone (injection) and azithromycin
32
Q

syphilis bacteria

A

> treponema pallidum
- directly transmitted through exposure to infections/moist lesions
- sexual contact
-> transplacental after 16 weeks (still birth, defects, premature birth)

32
Q

syphilis manifestations: primary

A

> chancre at exposure site (penis, vulva, anus, mouth)
- painless
- solitary, discrete, raised boarders
- inguinal lymphadenopathy
- highly contagious
-> usually heals 3-12 weeks without treatment

33
Q

syphilis manifestations: secondary

A

> rash (palms, mucous membranes, meninges)
- fever, sore throat, stomatitis, nausea
- inflamed eyes
- intermittent 3 months to a year (come and go)
elevated red-brown lesions, may ulcerate with foul-discharge
- highly infectious

33
Q

syphilis treatment

A
  • penicillin for several weeks
34
Q

syphilis diagnosis

A
  • dark field microscopy
  • serology is primary, often repeated until detected
34
Q

syphilis manifestations: tertiary

A

> after latent phase
- localized destructive granuloma - like lesions: GUMMAS
GUMMAS: rubbery, necrotic lesions, vary in size
- most common in liver, testes, bone
- cardiovascular lesions: scarring medial layer of thoracic aorta, forms aneurysm
- central nervous system: lesions, blindness, dementia, spinal cord injury

pathophys (6 decks)

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