GI anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
esophagus
A
- start of GI
- chewing is mechanical digestion (breakup food)
- tongue: skeletal muscle
- mid esophagus: smooth muscle
- amylase secreted
2
Q
lower esophageal sphincter
A
prevent backflow from stomach to esophagus
3
Q
stomach
A
- stomach uses acid for breakup
- smooth muscle
- stomach mixes food and pushes it out pylorus
- fundus (top of stomach)
4
Q
pyloric valve
A
separated stomach and small intestine
5
Q
small intestine
A
- duodenum, jejunum, ileum
- majority of absorption here
- pancreatic secretions into duodenum
- gallbladder releases bile into small intestine
- 3 layers (epithelium, muscle (circular/longitudinal), ileum
6
Q
large intestine
A
absorbs liquids
7
Q
colon (intestines)
A
- restructures stool
- absorb electrolytes
- appendix: food can get stuck there
- starts in lower right ends lower left
8
Q
rectum
A
where stool is stored
- expelled through anus
9
Q
GI assessments
A
ask about:
- swallowing and gas
- pain
- n/v/d
- medications
listen to bowel sounds:
how does abd look?
10
Q
GI diagnostic tests
A
- pain assessment (start/stop)
- esophagogastroduodenoscopy and video capsule
- colonoscopy
- barium x-ray (turns stomach white)
- x-ray
- h.pylori testing
- CT/MRI
