Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pathophys > GI disorders > Flashcards

GI disorders Flashcards

1
Q

hiatal hernia

A

> stomach pushes up through esophageal hiatus and goes into thoracic cavity
- difficulty swallowing/reflux disease
- 2 kinds: sliding and paraoesophageal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hiatal hernia presents

A
  • asymptomatic
  • dysphagia
  • GERD like
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hiatal hernia diagnosis

A
  • endoscopy
  • barium swallowing (lights up on xray)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hiatal hernia treatment

A
  • reduce acid in stomach (proton pump/histamine blockers)
  • surgery
  • lifestyle change > small meals
  • surgery: fundoplication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GERD

A

> stomach contents move backward into esophagus
- sphincter opens from relaxing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GERD manifestations

A
  • dysphagia: hard to swallow
  • heartburn/epigastric pain (pyrosis)
  • indigestion after meals
  • laryngitis
  • aspiration pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GERD diagnosis

A
  • history
  • acid suppression trial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GERD treatment

A

lifestyle changes (no coffee, alc, smoking) - raise HOB, eat early before laying down, small meals
- PPI and H2 blockers
- surgery (fundoplication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GERD complications

A

Barrett’s esophagus: metaplastic change (squamous to columnar) and can lead to cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

esophageal cancer

A
  • rare
  • 2 types: top of esophagus (smoking, alc use) and adenocarcinoma in lower esophagus (barrett’s)
  • higher chance with age
  • men is more common > GERD, smoking, drinking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

esophageal cancer manifestations

A
  • difficulty swallowing
  • weight loss
  • change in eating patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

esophageal cancer diagnosis

A
  • endoscopy
  • biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

esophageal cancer treatment

A
  • surgical reception of esophagus
  • chemo/radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gastritis

A
  • acute: short term, likely to resolve
  • chronic: lasts a long time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acute erosive gastritis

A
  • cause inflammation of stomach lining
  • from: medications (NSAIDS), bacterial infection, steroids, alc, chemo, radiation, stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

acute erosive gastritis manifestations

A
  • epigenetic pain
  • nausea and vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acute erosive gastritis diagnosis/treatment

A
  • history
  • endoscopy
    Tx: remove cause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

chronic gastritis

A
  • inflammation to stomach lining
    > helicobacter pylori infection (gram neg bacteria with flagellations)
  • erode mucosa > lead to erosions
  • hispanic, african american, aging people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

flagellations

A

allow bacteria to burrow into mucosal lining then secretes ammonia (urease) to protect self from acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chronic gastritis diagnosis

A
  • endoscopy
  • breath test
  • biopsy
  • test stool antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

chronic gastritis treatment

A
  • antibiotics (long term)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chronic gastritis over time

A
  • atrophy of glands in stomach that secrete mucus (protection)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

chronic gastritis over time cause

A
  • autoimmune response (attack parietal)
  • intrinsic factor decreased (good for absorption)
  • anemic (cant absorb B12)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chronic gastritis over time symptoms

A
  • no unique symptoms
  • heartburn/epigastric pain
  • peptic ulcers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

chronic gastritis over time diagnosis

A
  • endoscopy
  • check B12 levels in blood test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

chronic gastritis over time treatment

A
  • acid reducers
  • B12 and iron supplement
  • PPI and H2 blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

> if gastritis isnt treated
- ulcers can be in stomach and small intestine (duodenum)
- common with h. pylori and NSAIDS
- from stress, alc, smoking, caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

peptic ulcer disease manifestations

A
  • epigastric pain
  • burning nawing sensation
    RELEIVED BY EATING
  • abdominal tenderness
  • bleeding leads to anemia > black tarry stools
29
Q

peptic ulcer disease diagnosis

A
  • NSAID use
  • blood sample
    > endoscopy to find ulcer
30
Q

peptic ulcer disease treatment

A
  • long term > reduce acid levels with PPI and H2 blockers
  • antibiotics (sucralfate: coats ulcers - take before eating)
  • lifestyle changes
31
Q

IBS

A
  • functional disorder
  • colon looks normal
  • color has spasms > diarrhea, constipation, cramping
  • nervous system
    > stress and triggers
  • younger women
  • lactose intolerance
32
Q

IBS diagnosis

A
  • symptoms
33
Q

IBS treatment

A
  • bowel movement training
  • massage therapy
  • diet management
34
Q

irritable bowel disease: IBD

A
  • Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis
35
Q

crohn’s

A
  • effect full bowel wall
  • can effect full GI tract
  • most common area: distal small intestine and 1st part of large intestine
  • has SKIP LESIONS not continuous
  • granulomas - COBBLESTONE look
  • women 20-30
  • erosion of bowel wall which risks peritonitis > fistulas
36
Q

crohn’s treatment

A

> NO CURE
- remission is goal
- diet therapy
- antidiarrhea, immunosuppressor
- biologics
- surgery (ostomy)

37
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

-> affects colon (large intestine)
- start in anus and moves up GI
- no skip lesions
> mucosal layer is affected
- lesions form in crypts > abscesses
- polyps form - pseudopolyps
- diarrhea

38
Q

ulcerative colitis treatment

A
  • removal of part of colon
  • diet management (avoid simple sugars and eat fiber)
  • steroids
  • risk for colon cancer
39
Q

enterocolitis

A
  • irritation in stomach
  • can be caused by bacteria/pathogens/toxin/chemicals
  • bacterial/virus: person to person and food
  • mortality
  • dehydration
    > cant absorb nutrients
  • inflammatory diarrhea, secretary diarrhea
40
Q

enterocolitis cause

A
  • norovirus/rotavirus
    rotavirus: leading cause of diarrhea in kids, 3-20 years old, new vaccine (oral)
  • bacteria produces endotoxins that destroy mucosal epithelial cells
    > necrotizing enterocolitis: kids and premature infants - bowel dies and leaks content into peritoneal cavity
41
Q

enterocolitis diagnosis

A
  • stool sample
  • history
42
Q

enterocolitis treatment

A
  • BRAT food
  • hydration
  • probiotics
  • prevention
43
Q

clostridium difficle colitis: C.diff

A
  • bad diarrhea
  • very contagious
  • spores transfer
  • from antibiotic use
    > kills good gut bacteria
  • foul smell
    immune to sanitizer
44
Q

C.diff treatment

A
  • VANC
  • stool transplant
45
Q

diverticulitis

A
  • small outpouching on outside of the colon > can be permanent
  • pouches can collect food and stool
  • diverticula that arent inflamed are asymptomatic
  • form from gaps in longitudinal muscles
46
Q

diverticulitis risk factors

A
  • low fiber diet
47
Q

diverticulitis manifestations

A
  • pain in LLQ
  • N/V/D
  • fever
48
Q

diverticulitis diagnosis

A
  • abd xray
  • endoscopy
  • ultrasound
  • CT
49
Q

diverticulitis treatment

A
  • modify diet
  • bowel training
  • colon rest
  • remove diverticula
  • antibiotics/antifungal
50
Q

appendicitis

A
  • starts in LRQ
  • stool and food get stuck in appendix causing infections/inflammation
  • can rupture
51
Q

appendicitis manifestations

A
  • sudden onset
  • LRQ pain
  • abd distention/rebound tenderness
  • N/V/D, fever, constipation
52
Q

appendicitis diagnosis

A
  • physical exam
  • ultrasound
  • xray
  • CT
  • blood test (increased WBC)
53
Q

appendicitis treatment

A
  • antibiotics
  • surgery (removal) - appendectomy
54
Q

peritonitis

A
  • infection in peritoneal cavity from bacteria
  • gas/air that builds and intestine stops working
    > creates paralytic alias: stopping of bowel function
  • sepsis
55
Q

peritonitis manifestations

A
  • abd pain
  • rebound tenderness
  • blood/fluid going into cavity
  • N/V, fever, electrolyte loss
  • if not treated fast, infection moves to blood
56
Q

peritonitis diagnosis

A
  • abd xray (spree air under diaphragm)
  • paracentesis (suck out fluid)
  • CT
57
Q

peritonitis treatment

A
  • clean infection (abd washout)
  • IV fluids/abx
  • decompress bowel (nasogastric tube)
58
Q

celiac disease

A
  • gluten sensitivity (barley, rye, wheat)
  • creates T cells against gluten protein
59
Q

celiac disease risk factors

A
  • type 1 diabetes/autoimmune disease
    > inflamed areas have reduced ability to absorb nutrients (microvilli)
  • nutrition deficit/weight loss
  • small bowel
60
Q

celiac disease manifestation

A
  • exposure to gluten > steatorrhea, malnutrition, hair/nail thinning
  • weight loss
  • kids: reduce growth
61
Q

celiac disease diagnosis

A
  • antibody titers (blood test)
  • biopsy
62
Q

celiac disease treatment

A
  • gluten removal
63
Q

adenomatous polyps

A
  • most common intestinal neoplasm
  • can lead to cancer
  • can be flat or raised (precancerous)
  • the more polyps the higher risk of colon cancer
    > routine screening
  • common in olde people, genetics, IBD, smokers, drinkers
  • remove polyps surgically
  • NO manifestations
64
Q

colorectal cancer

A
  • common
65
Q

colorectal cancer risk factors

A

> colon polyps
- aging/history/IBD
- diet high in fat/sugar/smoked meat and low in fiber

66
Q

colorectal cancer manifestations

A
  • none until advanced stage
  • bleeding/change in bowel
67
Q

colorectal cancer diagnosis

A
  • colonoscopy
  • Cologuard
  • genetic markers
  • rectal exam
68
Q

colorectal cancer treatment

A
  • surgical removal
  • chemo/radiation

pathophys (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions