Sexuality

Question 1

McRobbie (1994)

Answer 1

• argues that men are beginning to face the same sort of if physical scrutiny, by both women and other men, as women have had to put up with
• the beauty stakes have gone up for men, and women have take up the position of active viewers

Question 2

Representations of heterosexuality

Answer 2

• a new male stereotype has emerged in the: the “Meterosexual”. These are men who embrace their feminine side, are in touch with their feelings, use moisturiser and designer cosmic products, have refined taste in clothing and, may adopt elements of the “gay lifestyle”
• Rise of the new man, Mead (2001)
• Crisis of Masculinity, Mac An Ghail

Question 3

Representations of homosexuality

Answer 3

The presents distorted views of homosexuality, portraying it as a social threat, and occasionally generated moral panics over what they saw as abnormal sexuality.

• female stereotypes: Butch
• Male stereotypes: Camp

Question 4

Symbolic annihilation of gay sexualities

Answer 4

• Gross (1991) argues that the media have often symbolically annihilated gays and lesbians by excluding them altogether, or trivialised, condemned or made fun of them.
• Gauntlett (2010) found that although things are changing, gays and lesbians are still under-represented and/or portrayed negatively in mainstream media
• Cowan (2007) found that almost a fifth of people think TV is responsible for anti-gay prejudice
• Cowan and Valentine (2005) found that gay people were 5 times more likely to be negatively portrayed than postively

Question 5

Growing tolerance, changing stereotypes and the “pink pound”

Answer 5

• “pink pound” the gay and lesbian consumer market

- Pluralists approach suggest that they are slowly beginning to respond to what the gay and lesbian audience wants

Question 6

Sanitization of gay sexuality

Answer 6

Gill (2007) suggested that in order to avoid the risk of offending heterosexual audiences, mainstream media represent gay sexuality only in a ‘sanitized’