Media acronyms Flashcards
Ownership and control of the media - ACRONYM
- Big- Bauman, a single copy of the NY times contains more info than a cultivated person in the 18th century would consume during a lifetime
- Business- concentration of media ownership meant that a handful of global companies and moguls (the lords of the global village) dominated the world’s mass media and controlled every step of the information process
- Might- Milliband, Traditional Marxist, audience directly manipulated by owners who directly control media content (manipulative approach)
- Go- GMG, dominant ideology
- Bankrupt- Bivens - pluralist
Formal controls on the media
marxists and neo marxists- ACRONYM
A- Althusser, ideological state apparatus MERRY- Milliband, audience is directly manipulated by owners who directly control the audience, passive audience GOOD- GMG, Philo, some stories deliberately excluded, Philo talks about banking crisis of 2008, only views of bankers and main parties considered GRANNY- Gramsci, emphasizes hegemony, through the spreading of dominant ruling class ideology, these values become the consensus and everyone accepts this point of view.
Pluralism - ACRONYM
BIG- Bivens, three sig changes in journalism of old media, shifts in traditional news flow cycles, heightened accountability(citizenship journalism) and evolving news values
SHAGGER- Strinati, decline of ‘meta narratives’ such as religion, science and political theories. I.e. phone ins where everyone’s view is as good as the experts
Pluralists argue that those who own media products are not driven by ideology but driven by audience numbers
Globalisation and pop culture - ACRONYM
MY- McLuhan, time/space barriers collapsed due to new media
BIG- Bourdieu, Habitus
SCHLONG- Strinati, no distinction between high and mass culture
RARELY- Ritzer, cultural homogenization (33k Maccies)
FUCKS- Fenton, cultural imperialism (friends spread around the world)
MILFS- Macdonald, mass culture trivial
Social Construction of the news - ACRONYM
BIG- Bagdikian, advertising means news reporting will avoid offending advertising
BLACK- Barnett + Gaber, pressures lead to a more conformist and less critical approach to reporting politics
BOYS- Biven, citizen journalism has changed journalism making activities more accountable
CAN- Cohen, study of mods and rockers in 1960s, this can lead to deviancy application
GET- GMG, emphasize the hidden assumptions of journalists that affect the news hierarchy of credibility
COUGARS- Cohen, agenda setting, the news may not successful in telling people what to think they are stunningly successful on telling audiences what to think about
Hierarchy of credibility, news interviews people from gov/politics rather than a man on the street
Representations of social class - Acronym
No- Newman, argues that the media gives positive attention to the things that only the wealthy can afford Men- Murray, new right underclass, high levels of illegitimacy, lone parenthood and family instability, drunkenness and 'yob culture' i.e. Jeremy Kyle Get- GMG, working class people portrayed as source of trouble, anti-social behaviour, riots, strikes crime etc Justice- Jones, echoes views with middle class seen as sneering and ridiculing white working class 'chavs'
Representations of gender - ACRONYM
- One- Oakley
- Woman
- Caught
- Woman
Representations of Ethnicity - ACRONYM
ASIAN GROUPS- Anwar An Ghail, South Asian families emphasize values of family obligation and loyalty, and commitment to religion
SEE- Sewell, Black Machismo
HARSH- Hall, moral panics, black mugger stereotypes
VALIDITY- Van Dijk, tabloid newspaper present ethnic minorities as threat, after content analysis of five newspapers often images associated with violent or negative language
Sexuality and identity
BIG- Batchelor, media representations of homosexuality often suggested that being gay is an embarrassing problem, also argues that lesbianism was completely ignored by media aimed at young people
MAN- Mac an Ghail, men feeling lost ‘crisis of Masculinity’
GOES- Gauntlett- things are improving, positive representation of sexuality is increasing in the media
MENTAL- Mulvey, Male gaze where men look at women as sexual objects
Disability and Identity
SHAKESPEARE’S- Shakespeare, disability should be seen as social construction, problem created by the attitude of society and not by the state of our bodies
BIG- Barnes, negative stereotypes of disability, generated by the media
GHOSTLY- Goffman, disability could be stigmatized identity, if ‘impression management’ fails
CHAIR- Cumberbatch, studied popular TV programmes, very few characters have disabilities particularly in comparison to 19% of UK population who have disabilities
Age and Identity
HAVE- Hebdige, youth subcultures often involve bricolage, the use of the readily available ordinary objects to create something new
WE- Wayne, looked at how young people are presented in the news. Found young people are often presented as a threat and the problems they face are downplayed
BECOME- Bradley, age is a particularly significant aspect of identity in two min groups - the young (teenagers) and elders
CONFUSED- Cohen, moral panics about youth subcultures, mods and rockers presented as folk devils
Media and It’s audience
HAPPY- Hall, Encoding/decoding and reception analysis
CHILDREN- Cumberbatch, no clear evidence that media influence the behaviour of adults or children
DO- Dworkin, Hypodermic syringe model, radical feminist, men who watch porn go onto abuse women
NOT- Newson, you can become desensitised to violence if you watch too much
KILL- Katz and Lazarsfeld, two stop flow model
BECAUSE- Bandura, bobo doll experiment
CONSCIENCE- Cohen, moral panics
Interpreting the Media
KIDNESS- Klapper, selective filtering, an interpretivist approach
MAY- McQuail and Lull, uses and gratifications model
GET- GMG (Philo) critical that audiences are polysemic, media has great deal of power in forming audience views of the world. Study of 1984/85 strikes, presentation of these strikes was interpreted same whether people were sympathetic to the strikes or not.
MISINTERPRETED- Morley, structured interpretation model, there’s a dominant interpretation of media messages with audiences go along with. Audience pick which media they engage with based on social context studied how television audiences respond to one news programme, Nationwide. Different social groups saw the same programme differently.
BY- Baudrillard, Media saturated society , media images distort reality hyperreality, simulacra images that have no original in reality but that can be produced to create a more satisfying result that reality itself
SOCIAL- Strinati, importance and power of media in shaping consumer choices- this helps us to define our identity
CLASSES
NEW MEDIA
LITTLE- Livingstone and Bovill, converging of technology is blurring the boundaries of activities such as searching for information, working, education and playing games as people switch between them or combine them
BRITAIN- Bivens, (pluralist) suggests three significant changes in journalism of old media, 1. shifts in traditional news flow cycles
2. Heightened accountability (citizenship journalism) 3. Evolving news values
MAKES- McLuhan, the global village is a term used to describe how the digitized new media collapse space and time barriers in human communication
ME- Mackinnon, demonstrates how undemocratic regimes monitor and control Media usage, i.e. China
LAUGH- Li and Kirkup, study of British and Chinese students, two global gender based culture in terms of internet
MOST- McNair, new media has meant that elite groups have less power to influence news agendas. Top down control replaced by ‘cultural chaos’ - more anarchy, disruption, openness
HOURS- Helsper, found that the healthy, young, well educated people with higher incomes are the most likely to be internet users while those with health problems, the elderly ,manual workers and those without qualifications were likely to be left behind
