sexual selection pt 2 Flashcards
Batemans principle
the idea that variation in mating success is much higher in males than females
how are females limited in mating success?
by the number of expensive eggs they can produce
how are males limited in mating success?
by access to females
in the rough skinned newt example, promiscuity has greater reproductive effect on which sex?
males
in pipe fish, the female lays her eggs inside a pouch on the male and the male carries and protects them, these parental investment roles are _ compared to general roles we discussed
reversed
in general, which sex is limited by the availability of potential mates?
males
in general, which sex is limited by the costs of rearing offspring?
females
members of the sex subject to strong sexual selection will be
competitive
members of the sex subject to weak sexual selection will be
choosy
3 factors why males are generally competitive
reproductive success is tied to availability of mates
mates are limited
males will compete among themselves for mates
3 factors why females are generally choosy
reproductive success tied to number of eggs/pregnancies
number of offspring is limiting
females will choose mates who give offspring best chance for survival
outright combat, stealth copulation/fertilization, sperm competition, and infanticide are all examples of
male-male competition for mates
access to superior genes and access to resources are Both aspects of
females choice of mates
males mating success is not merely the act of mating but, whether his sperm
fertilizes the females eggs
in Mediterranean fruit flies, what happens to sperm production when flies are raised and allowed to mate in the presence of other males?
males produced more than 2.5x as many sperm as those raised and mated in private
guarding mates for a prolonged period
physically plugging the females genital opening
and applying pheromones to reduce attractiveness of the female are all examples of
ways to gain advantage in sperm competition
what is the term for parent killing the previous parent offspring?
infanticide
across cultures languages, societies, and classes, what do men usually look for in a mate?
young healthy women with good prospects for motherhood
across cultures languages, societies, and classes, what do women usually look for in a mate?
older men with good prospects for providing resources
mates with intelligence, high income, provider, hardworking, happiness, ,attractiveness, and similar interests are criteria important to
women
mates that are attractive, motherly, homemakers, hardworking, intelligence, and independent are criteria important to
men
what is the sexy sons hypothesis
choosy females may get better genes for their offspring and thus their reproductive success will be increased through their sons
explain how choosy females may get better genes for their offspring “success breeds success”
males with more attractive displays may be genetically superior because these attractive displays expend high energy, high energy indicates gentetic superiority, therefore females who mate with genetically superior males will have genetically superior offspring
explain how choosy females may acquire more resources for themselves and or their offspring
a female that chooses a good providers as a mate will be more successful reproductively, this will give offspring that are also good providers and therefore preferred over other males
