sexual selection and mate choice

Question 1

what is the cost of meiosis according to williams (1975)?

Answer 1

only half of one’s genes are passed onto offspring

Question 2

what is fisher’s principle?

Answer 2

the sexual population should produce equal numbers of males and females

Question 3

what is the red queen hypothesis?

Answer 3

the constantly changing environment of parasites forces sex, genetic diversity against parasites

Question 4

what is muller’s ratchet?

Answer 4

harmful mutations appear in asexual species

Question 5

what is the twofold cost of sex?

Answer 5

it is costly to produce males

Question 6

what is intersexual competition?

Answer 6

males compete with other males for a female

Question 7

what is intrasexual competition?

Answer 7

females have fewer opportunities to mate so have to be discriminate

Question 8

what is runaway selection?

Answer 8

females choose the ‘best’ males so sons have same traits and daughters choose same traits

Question 9

what is parental investment theory (trivers)?

Answer 9

females invest more in offspring

Question 10

what is zahavi’s handicap principle?

Answer 10

ornaments signal being costly

Question 11

what is parasite theory (hamilton & zuk)?

Answer 11

ornaments signal health

Question 12

what is the reproductive skew?

Answer 12

men have more, variable offspring

Question 13

what is polygamy?

Answer 13

non-monogamous behaviour

Question 14

what is polygyny?

Answer 14

one male mates with multiple females

Question 15

what is polyandry?

Answer 15

one female mates with multiple males

Question 16

what is polygyandry?

Answer 16

males and females mate with many partners

Question 17

what is monogamy?

Answer 17

one male mates with one female

Question 18

what is serial monogamy?

Answer 18

mate and separate

Question 19

what is bateman’s rule?

Answer 19

sex that invests more in offspring is a resource that is competed for

Question 20

what is the coolidge effect?

Answer 20

males look for any mating opportunity

Question 21

what are EPCs?

Answer 21

extra pairing copulations

Question 22

how are novel males a benefit for females in STM?

Answer 22

novel males contribute to outbreeding by introducing new genes to offspring

Question 23

what is the developmental stage STM conditional strategy?

Answer 23

STM is more common in youth and after divorce

Question 24

when may males be able to afford STM?

Answer 24

if males become rarer

Question 25

what sort of males have more STM?

Answer 25

high sexual esteem males

Question 26

what sort of females have more STM?

Answer 26

low self-esteem females

Question 27

what is paternity certainty?

Answer 27

reassurance that offspring is yours

Question 28

what is the madonna-whore dichotomy?

Answer 28

choose good mums in LTM but choose enthusiasm in STM

Question 29

what is WHR?

Answer 29

males prefer waist to hip ratio of .70

Question 30

what does a WHR of .70 indicate?

Answer 30

beauty and health

Question 31

what do males consider ovulating females?

Answer 31

more precious

Question 32

what should the resources males provide be?

Answer 32

accruable, defensible and controllable

Question 33

how does the handicap principle apply to female LTM?

Answer 33

females choose traits in men that are hard to fake

Question 34

what is fluctuating asymmetry a sign of?

Answer 34

potential developmental defects

Question 35

what is the 2D:4D ratio?

Answer 35

men with a smaller index to 3rd finger ratio considered aggressive