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Year 8 Science > sexual reproduction > Flashcards

sexual reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organs that produce sperm and sex hormones

A

testes

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2
Q

pouch of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

A

scrotum

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3
Q

sacs containing egg cells

A

follicles

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4
Q

tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization occurs in one of these tubes.

A

Fallopian tubes

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5
Q

penetration of the ovum by a sperm

A

fertilization

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6
Q

life stage when the sex glands become active and bodily changes occur to enable reproduction

A

puberty

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7
Q

chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

A

hormones

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8
Q

the first menstrual period

A

menarche

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9
Q

beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period

A

menstrual cycle

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10
Q

joining together of male and female reproductive cells

A

sexual reproduction

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11
Q

reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

A

gametes

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12
Q

male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

A

sperm

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13
Q

female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

A

ova

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14
Q

cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilized ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

A

zygote

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15
Q

reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilized by sperm released nearby

A

external fertilization

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16
Q

reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilized by sperm inserted into the female

A

internal fertilisation

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17
Q

the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

A

copulation

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18
Q

act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

A

sexual intercourse

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19
Q

cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

A

meiosis

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20
Q

a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

A

epigenetics

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21
Q

genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum

A

nuclear DNA

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22
Q

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

A

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

23
Q

release of sperm

A

ejaculation

24
Q

combination of fluid and sperm

A

semen

25
Q

twins developed from the same fertilized egg

A

identical twins

26
Q

twins developed from different fertilized eggs

A

fraternal twins

27
Q

the reproductive part of angiosperms containing petals, stamens and carpels. They are often colourful to attract pollinating insects.

A

flowers

28
Q

the coloured parts of a flower that attract insects

A

petals

29
Q

parts of a flower, at the base of the petals, that secrete nectar

A

nectaries

30
Q

fine powder containing the pollen grains (the male sex cells of a plant)

A

pollen

31
Q

the female part of a flower, at the top of the carpel, that catches the pollen during pollination

A

stigma

32
Q

transfer of pollen from the stamen (the male part) of a flower to the stigma (the female part) of a flower

A

pollination

33
Q

transfer of pollen from the flower’s own stamen to its stigma

A

self-pollination

34
Q

transfer of pollen from stamens of one flower to the stigma of a flower of another plant of the same species

A

cross-pollination

35
Q

flowers that receive pollen carried on the body parts of insects from other flowers

A

insect-pollinated flowers

36
Q

flower that receives pollen carried by the wind from another flower

A

wind-pollinated flowers

37
Q

the male part of a flower that makes pollen

A

anthers

38
Q

the male gametes of a flower

A

pollen grains

39
Q

long tube growing from a pollen grain through the style to the ovule

A

pollen tube

40
Q

the supporting part of a flower that holds the stigma

A

style

41
Q

receptacle within an ovary that contains egg cells

A

ovules

42
Q

in plants, the hollow, lower end of the carpel containing the ovules (the female egg cells); in animals, the female organ that produces ova and reproductive hormones

A

ovary

43
Q

penetration of the ovum by a sperm

A

fertilisation

44
Q

food supply for the embryo plant in a seed

A

endosperm

45
Q

product of a fertilised ovule

A

seed

46
Q

the protective layer around a seed

A

seed coat

47
Q

ripened ovary of a flower, enclosing seeds

A

fruit

48
Q

scatter the seeds from plants

A

disperse

49
Q

small bud at the tip of the embryo plant in a seed

A

plumule

50
Q

the beginnings of a root making up part of a plant embryo inside a seed

A

radicle

51
Q

special leaves of the embryo plant inside a seed that provide food for the developing seedling

A

cotyledons

52
Q

first sign of growth from the seed of a plant

A

germination

53
Q

young plant produced from the embryo in the seed after germination

A

seedling

Year 8 Science (4 decks)

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