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HORT 1047 Horticulture 1 > Sexual Plant Propagation > Flashcards

Sexual Plant Propagation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 methods of plant propagation?

A
  1. sexual: exchange genetic info ie seeds

2. asexual: cloning, no exchange genetic info

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2
Q

what method is used for cultivated plants ?

A

asexual

-do not come ‘true’ from seed, vary genetic info

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3
Q

what are 4 advantages of sexual propagation?

A
  1. only way to produce NEW varieties or cultivars
  2. cheapest and easiest way to produce large # plants
  3. avoid certain diseases
  4. may be only way to propagate certain species
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4
Q

t of r sexual propagation is the only was to reproduce new varieties

A

false, only way to produce new varieties

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5
Q

what is the purpose of a flower?

A
  • sex
  • male + female sex cells = seeds
  • reproduction
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6
Q

what are usually grown from seed?

A
  • annual and biennial veg. and flowers
  • lawn grasses
  • inderstock for grafting
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7
Q

t or f perennials grown from seed may take more than one season to flower

A

true

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8
Q

t or f reproduction of ‘Species’ must be from seed

A

true

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9
Q

t or f reproduction of ‘Cultivars’ from seed

A

false, vegetative

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10
Q

where do new plants come from?

A
  • someone makes them or someone finds them
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11
Q

how are new plants ‘made’

A
  • breeders move pollen from one plant to another, sowing resulting seed and waiting to see what develops
  • select plant with specific traits in hope combining
  • deliberately cause mutation then crossing and waiting
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12
Q

what is a hybrid plant

A
  • cross between 2 plants of general varieties, cultivars, species, genera
  • offspring can exhibit best traits of both parents are unexpected attribute may appear
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13
Q

describe how new plants can be found

A
  • branch can appear with leaves/ flowers differing from rest of plant ( called ‘Sport’)
  • one seedling stand out from others
  • appear in garden as result of natural crossing by wind or pollinators
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14
Q

t or f the seeds of hybrid cultivars can be utilized for reproduction

A

false

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15
Q

what plant make good seed for propagation

A
  • self pollinated, non hybrid purebred annual veg seeds
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16
Q

what are heirloom varieties

A
  • great grandparents of modern cultivars
17
Q

what 3 parts are a seed made up of

A
  1. outer protective coat
  2. food supply under seed coat (endosperm)
  3. embryo of young plant
18
Q

what are factors that affect germination

A
  1. water
  2. light
  3. oxygen
  4. heat
19
Q

what is essential for first phase of germination

A

WATER

  • penetrates seed coat and causes endosperm to swell
  • seed coat softens, splits as endosperm swells
  • water dissolves nutrients in endosperms –> available to embryo so growth occurs
20
Q

what does water additionally do in desert annuals

A
  • leach away germination inhibitor abscisic acid
21
Q

what is the ideal germination medium?

A
  • moist, not wet or dry
22
Q

what factor do temperate- climate angiosperms need before the germinate?

A
  • prolonged cold period
23
Q

why is a cold period soemtimes necessary for germination to occur?

A
  • break down ABA until not enough left to prevent germination when conditions become favourable
24
Q

why is germination inhibitors found within seed?

A

-prevent germination during unseasonable warm spell in autumn

25
Q

how does the ideal germination temperature achieved?

A
  • heating cables placed under germination containers
26
Q

what are 2 treatments to break dormancy/ germination inhibitors

A
  1. scarification - in nature seed pass through digestive tract, stepped on ect
  2. stratification: mimics northern winter
27
Q

what are 2 methods used for scarification

A
  1. mechanical and hot water
28
Q

why do seeds appear to sprout sporadically?

A
  • must mimic ideal germination conditions

- defence mechanism; if first flush seedlings killed from adverse weather, more will come in their place

29
Q

true or false a seed grown selection is termed a ‘strain’ to indicate similar but not identical genetics were used

A

true

30
Q

why use vegetative propagation

A
  • poor seed production
  • poor seed viability
  • no seed viability- sterile plant
  • only 1 specimen avail.
  • preserve genetic info

HORT 1047 Horticulture 1 (9 decks)

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