Quiz 5: Flowers, fruit, seeds

Question 1

what are ferns classified as ?

Answer 1

non- flowering plants

- pterophyta

Question 2

how do ferns reproduce

Answer 2

• spores

- requires free water for transfer of gametes (sex cells)

Question 3

what are other non flowering plants

Answer 3

gymnosperms

Question 4

how do gymnosperms reproduce

Answer 4

• reproductive organs within carious forms of cones

- seed forms in female cones

Question 5

define flower

how classified?

Answer 5

• short branches bearing specially adapted leaves whose sole function is reproduction
• showy, conspicuous

Question 6

what is stamen

Answer 6

• male part, produces pollen which contains sperm= male sex gametophyte

Question 7

what is pistil ( or carpel)

Answer 7

female; produces ova= eggs = female gametophyte

Question 8

how does fruit develop

Answer 8

sperm fertilizes the ovum –> embryo develops within a seed –> ovary transforms into fruit

Question 9

describe conspicuous flowers

Answer 9

= perfect complete flower

perfect: both male and female organs found on same structure
complete: petals and sepals are present as well

Question 10

describe inconspicuous flowers

why are they not showy?

Answer 10

• grasses, trees, shrubs, perennials, annuals

- wind pollinated, not trying to attract pollinators

Question 11

what are 2 parts of stamen

Answer 11

stamen= male

anther and filament

Question 12

anther function

Answer 12

pollen bearing part of stamen

Question 13

filament function

Answer 13

stalk bearing an anther

Question 14

parts of pistil

Answer 14

pistil = female part

1. stigma
2. style
3. ovary
4. ova

Question 15

stigma function

Answer 15

part of the pistil that receives the pollen

-often gets sticky when in cycle so pollen sticks better

Question 16

style function

Answer 16

narrow part of pistil that becomes a fruit

Question 17

ovary function

Answer 17

basal part of pistil that becomes fruit

- site of ova and then seed development

Question 18

receptacle function

Answer 18

-enlarged end to which flower parts are attached

Question 19

sepal

Answer 19

-encloses and protects flower bud

Question 20

petal

Answer 20

conspicuously coloured flower part

Question 21

catalyx

Answer 21

group of sepals

Question 22

corolla

Answer 22

group of petals

Question 23

perianth

Answer 23

calyx and corolla together

Question 24

tepal

Answer 24

no clear distinction between sepal and petal

ex clematis

Question 25

inflorescence

Answer 25

shoot bearing clusters of flowers

Question 26

peduncle

Answer 26

central axis of flower stalk (rachis) | - stalk supporting the inflorescence

Question 27

pedicel

Answer 27

- stalk of individual flower (rachilla)

Question 28

dioecious

Answer 28

- unisexual reproductive units on separate male or female plants (plants must cross pollinate)

Question 29

gynoecious

Answer 29

- (pistillate) female plants produce seed and fruit but no pollen

Question 30

androecious

Answer 30

-(staminate) male plants produce pollen but no seed

Question 31

monoecious

Answer 31

- separate unisexual flowers on same plant | - usually mature at different times so don't cross pollinate

Question 32

what family is composite flower in | what is considered a composite flower?

Answer 32

asteraceae - sunflower - cone flower - black eyed susan - daisy

Question 33

what is a sunflower made of

Answer 33

- ray flower | - disk flower

Question 34

why flowers so many different colours

Answer 34

-attract specific pollinator

Question 35

what is fruit considered

Answer 35

a mature ovary

Question 36

pericarp

Answer 36

- fruit wall; derived from ovary wall

Question 37

what are different type of pericarps

Answer 37

- fleshy, delicious to attract herbivores ex apples, cherries - dry and nutritious attract herbivores ex acorns - dry and splitting at maturity ex legumes - dry capsules for scattering ex poppies

Question 38

Describe flower arrangements for multiple flowers

Answer 38

``` Raceme- Panicle- Corymb Spike Umbel Head Compound Umbel Cyme Spadix ```

Question 39

raceme

Answer 39

unbranched inflorescence with flowers having short pedicels attached to its axis

Question 40

panicle

Answer 40

branched florescence - flowers attached by pedicellate to pedicel, attached to stalk - branch panicle= raceme

Question 41

corymb

Answer 41

flat inflorescence - stalks arise from different spots on axis to reach same height - outer flowers open first

Question 42

spike

Answer 42

contracted raceme, single sessile flowers share stem

Question 43

umbel

Answer 43

-short pedicles arising from same point

Question 44

head

Answer 44

bundle sessile flowers arranged to look like single flower

Question 45

cyme

Answer 45

central main stem and each side branch end in a flower

Question 46

spadix

Answer 46

type of spike inflorescence having small flowers borne on a fleshy stem

Question 47

what are 3 fruit types

Answer 47

- simple - aggregate - mutliple

Question 48

simple fruit types

Answer 48

derived from a flower bearing a single ovary | ex tomato, orange, melon, peach, bean

Question 49

aggregate fruit types

Answer 49

-derived from flower having many ovaries - collection of many small fruits in a single receptacle ex raspberry, blackberry, strawberry

Question 50

multiple fruit type

Answer 50

- derived from many ovaries from separate flowers - @ maturity the pericarps become fused unto single edible mass ex. pineapple, mulberry

Question 51

types of fleshy fruit

Answer 51

aggregate- rasberry berry- grape drupe- cherry pome- apple

Question 52

what is the purpose of fruit

Answer 52

protection and dispersal of seed

Question 53

methods of dispersion

Answer 53

1. ejected from plant- poppy, legumes 2. carried by wind- dandelion, samara 3. carried by water- coconut 4. carried by animals- hooks and barbs 5. eaten by animals, birds

Question 54

why dead head?

Answer 54

- prevents seed production- costly resources

Question 55

what is seedless fruit | how is it achieved

Answer 55

parthenocarpy -development of fruit without stimulation of fert. or pollination ex navel oranges, bananas NOT seedless grapes (embryo aborts)