Sexual Dysfunctions & Disorders Flashcards
Types of Sexual Disorders
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Paraphilias
Sexual Dysfunction
Problems in the psychophysiology characteristic of the sexual response cycle
-Represent quantitative problems with the strength/intensity of sexual response
Paraphilias
Sexual arousal to non-normative or deviant stimuli and the associated sexual behaviors
-Represent deviations in the qualitative aspects of sexuality or direction of sexual feelings
Eight diagnoses classified according to activity or stimulus type (Paraphilias)
-Victimless:
1. Fetishism
2. Transvestic Fetishism
3. Sexual Masochism & Sadism
-Involving Victim:
4. Exhibitionism
5. Frotteurism
6. Pedophilia
7. Sexual Masochism & Sadism
8. Voyeurism
Paraphilias in the DSM
-The DSM-5 introduced a distinction between nonpathological paraphilic interests and paraphilic disorders (no distinction was in place previously)
-DSM-5 redefined paraphilia to describe a persistent, intense, atypical sexual arousal pattern, independent of whether it is the source of impairment or distress versus
-Paraphilic disorder to describe a paraphilia that is accompanied by clinically significant distress or impairment
Fetishism
Erotic attraction to nonliving objects:
-Wide variety of behavioral manifestations
→ Masturbation with object
→ Incorporation of object into sexual behavior
→ Theft or collection of objects
Partialism
Partialism
-A form of fetishistic behavior involving intense erotic attraction to specific parts of the body
→Distinguished from normal erotic attraction by the tendency to override sexual interest in the partner or partner’s body as a whole
Transvestic Fetishism
-Heterosexual men for whom dressing in women’s clothing is found to be sexually arousing
1. Men typically masturbate while fantasizing about being both a male and the female object of his fantasy
2. Behavioral Manifestations
Behavioral Manifestations: Transvestic Fetishism
Ranges from wearing a single female garment beneath typically masculine attire to dressing up as a woman entirely
Excludes:
-Gender Identity Disorder
-Differs from cross-dressing for entertainment or other purposes that do not involve sexual arousal
Exhibitionism
Recurrent urge for exposure of the genitals to strangers or unsuspecting persons
-Arousal response to shock, fear, or embarrassment of victims
What is Exhibitionism associated with?
Acts of sexual aggression
Antisocial traits or heterosocial deficits
-Heterosocial: describes social relations with the opposite sex of the nonsexual nature
Frotteurism
Characterized by the individual’s touching or rubbing his genitals against the leg, buttocks, or other body parts of an unsuspecting person.
-Typically occurs in situations where behavior will go undetected by victim
What is frotteurism associated with?
Withdrawn, immature or socially avoidant personality style
Pedophilia
Adults for whom prepubescent children are the focus of erotic attraction and interest
-Highly culture-specific
-Heterogeneity of behavioral manifestations
Subtypes of Pedophilia
-Opportunistic
-Pervasively angry
-Sexual
Sadism
Involves excitement in response to the infliction of psychological and physical suffering
Masochism
Involves excitement in response to being humiliated or made to suffer
-Some individuals become excited in either role, whereas some only become aroused in a particular role
Sadomasochistic behaviors can include:
-Beating/Burning
-Restraint
-Blindfolding
-Body piercing
-Humiliation (Forcing someone to crawl or wear infantile clothing)
A diagnosis of a paraphilic disorder requires
(a) a nonconsenting person or
(b) cause “clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning”
-Not just distress from social disapproval
Sexual consent in the Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, Sadism and Masochism (BDSM) community:
“Safe, Sane, and Consensual (SSC)” and “Risk-Aware Consensual Kink (RACK).”
Explicit safety measures:
-Negotiation and safe words
-e.g., pushing non-negotiated activities or sexual boundaries during a scene that were not established during pre-scene negotiation is considered a serious offense
The BDSM community enforces community-defined boundaries and serves to regulate community norms of safety and consent
-Provides mechanisms for vetting versus blocklisting potential partners
Voyeurism
Involves the observation of an unsuspecting person or persons who are nude, disrobing, or engaging in a sexual act.
-Essential feature is the lack of awareness of the victim
-Often involves masturbation during or immediately following voyeurism
What is voyeurism associated with?
-Sadism, aggression, & sexual assault
-Little sexual experience and lack of heterosocial skills
-Strong feelings of inferiority
Etiological & Developmental Factors: Disposition
Characteristic Profile:
-offenders are predominantly men (impulsivity, anger, aggression, dominance, etc.)
Heterosocial deficits
early attachment problems
co-morbid pathology
-mood disorder
-anxiety
-substance abuse
Etiological & Developmental Factors: Learning Models
-Classical conditioning
-Imprinting
-Conditioning & fantasy rehearsal
-Early sexual trauma
