Sexual Dysfunctions & Disorders

Question 1

Types of Sexual Disorders

Answer 1

1. Sexual Dysfunction
2. Paraphilias

Question 2

Sexual Dysfunction

Answer 2

Problems in the psychophysiology characteristic of the sexual response cycle
-Represent quantitative problems with the strength/intensity of sexual response

Question 3

Paraphilias

Answer 3

Sexual arousal to non-normative or deviant stimuli and the associated sexual behaviors
-Represent deviations in the qualitative aspects of sexuality or direction of sexual feelings

Question 4

Eight diagnoses classified according to activity or stimulus type (Paraphilias)

Answer 4

-Victimless:
1. Fetishism
2. Transvestic Fetishism
3. Sexual Masochism & Sadism

-Involving Victim:
4. Exhibitionism
5. Frotteurism
6. Pedophilia
7. Sexual Masochism & Sadism
8. Voyeurism

Question 5

Paraphilias in the DSM

Answer 5

-The DSM-5 introduced a distinction between nonpathological paraphilic interests and paraphilic disorders (no distinction was in place previously)

-DSM-5 redefined paraphilia to describe a persistent, intense, atypical sexual arousal pattern, independent of whether it is the source of impairment or distress versus

-Paraphilic disorder to describe a paraphilia that is accompanied by clinically significant distress or impairment

Question 6

Fetishism

Answer 6

Erotic attraction to nonliving objects:
-Wide variety of behavioral manifestations
→ Masturbation with object
→ Incorporation of object into sexual behavior
→ Theft or collection of objects

Partialism

Question 7

Partialism

Answer 7

-A form of fetishistic behavior involving intense erotic attraction to specific parts of the body
→Distinguished from normal erotic attraction by the tendency to override sexual interest in the partner or partner’s body as a whole

Question 8

Transvestic Fetishism

Answer 8

-Heterosexual men for whom dressing in women’s clothing is found to be sexually arousing
1. Men typically masturbate while fantasizing about being both a male and the female object of his fantasy
2. Behavioral Manifestations

Question 9

Behavioral Manifestations: Transvestic Fetishism

Answer 9

Ranges from wearing a single female garment beneath typically masculine attire to dressing up as a woman entirely

Excludes:
-Gender Identity Disorder
-Differs from cross-dressing for entertainment or other purposes that do not involve sexual arousal

Question 10

Exhibitionism

Answer 10

Recurrent urge for exposure of the genitals to strangers or unsuspecting persons
-Arousal response to shock, fear, or embarrassment of victims

Question 11

What is Exhibitionism associated with?

Answer 11

Acts of sexual aggression

Antisocial traits or heterosocial deficits
-Heterosocial: describes social relations with the opposite sex of the nonsexual nature

Question 12

Frotteurism

Answer 12

Characterized by the individual’s touching or rubbing his genitals against the leg, buttocks, or other body parts of an unsuspecting person.
-Typically occurs in situations where behavior will go undetected by victim

Question 13

What is frotteurism associated with?

Answer 13

Withdrawn, immature or socially avoidant personality style

Question 14

Pedophilia

Answer 14

Adults for whom prepubescent children are the focus of erotic attraction and interest
-Highly culture-specific
-Heterogeneity of behavioral manifestations

Question 15

Subtypes of Pedophilia

Answer 15

-Opportunistic
-Pervasively angry
-Sexual

Question 16

Sadism

Answer 16

Involves excitement in response to the infliction of psychological and physical suffering

Question 17

Masochism

Answer 17

Involves excitement in response to being humiliated or made to suffer
-Some individuals become excited in either role, whereas some only become aroused in a particular role

Question 18

Sadomasochistic behaviors can include:

Answer 18

-Beating/Burning
-Restraint
-Blindfolding
-Body piercing
-Humiliation (Forcing someone to crawl or wear infantile clothing)

Question 19

A diagnosis of a paraphilic disorder requires

Answer 19

(a) a nonconsenting person or
(b) cause “clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning”
-Not just distress from social disapproval

Question 20

Sexual consent in the Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, Sadism and Masochism (BDSM) community:

Answer 20

“Safe, Sane, and Consensual (SSC)” and “Risk-Aware Consensual Kink (RACK).”

Explicit safety measures:
-Negotiation and safe words
-e.g., pushing non-negotiated activities or sexual boundaries during a scene that were not established during pre-scene negotiation is considered a serious offense

The BDSM community enforces community-defined boundaries and serves to regulate community norms of safety and consent
-Provides mechanisms for vetting versus blocklisting potential partners

Question 21

Voyeurism

Answer 21

Involves the observation of an unsuspecting person or persons who are nude, disrobing, or engaging in a sexual act.
-Essential feature is the lack of awareness of the victim
-Often involves masturbation during or immediately following voyeurism

Question 22

What is voyeurism associated with?

Answer 22

-Sadism, aggression, & sexual assault
-Little sexual experience and lack of heterosocial skills
-Strong feelings of inferiority

Question 23

Etiological & Developmental Factors: Disposition

Answer 23

Characteristic Profile:
-offenders are predominantly men (impulsivity, anger, aggression, dominance, etc.)

Heterosocial deficits

early attachment problems

co-morbid pathology
-mood disorder
-anxiety
-substance abuse

Question 24

Etiological & Developmental Factors: Learning Models

Answer 24

-Classical conditioning
-Imprinting
-Conditioning & fantasy rehearsal
-Early sexual trauma

Question 25

Classical Conditioning

Answer 25

The pairing of a neutral stimulus with sexual arousal
-fetishes conditioned in normal volunteers

Question 26

Imprinting

Answer 26

early sexual experiences influence the shaping of subsequent sexual desires and fantasies

Question 27

Conditioning & fantasy rehearsal

Answer 27

self-directed conditioning paradigm

Question 28

Early sexual trauma

Answer 28

Control over painful memory through mastery
-identification with the aggressor

Question 29

Paraphilia (NOS)

Answer 29

-Telephone scatalogia (obscene telephone calling)
-Necrophilia (corpses)
-Zoophilia (animals)
-Coprophilia (feces)
-Urophilia (urine)