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Preventative Medicine > Sexual Behaviors > Flashcards

Sexual Behaviors Flashcards

1
Q

What are STIs?

A

infections that are spread from person to person through intimate sexual contact

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2
Q

How many sexually active teens have an STI?

A

1/4

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3
Q

How are STIs spread?

A

skin to skin, person to person, not necessarily intercourse

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4
Q

How are STIs prevented?

A

abstinence (including oral, vaginal, anal sex)

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5
Q

T/F it is possible to get an STD even without having intercourse through skin o skin contact

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What are 11 common STIs?

A 
chlamydia
gonorrhea
genital herpes (HSV-2)
genital warts (HPV)
Syphilis
HIV and AIDS
Hepatitis B
Pubic Lice
Trichomoniasis
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7
Q

What symptoms are seen in most people w/ STI?

A

NONE, most people don’t have symptoms

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8
Q

What is the only way to to tell for sure a pt is infected

A

Laboratory testing, sex hx

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9
Q

T/F if s/s are NOT present, the pt can still infect partners

A

True

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10
Q

In Americans 18-64, how many can’t name any STDs

A

12%

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11
Q

In Americans 18-64, how many believe all STDs are curable

A

17%

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12
Q

In Americans 18-64, how many are unaware that STDs increase risk of HIV infection

A

56%

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13
Q

If a female has heavy/excessive bleeding, after menopause what must be ruled out?

A

uterine cancer

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14
Q

What is a classic symptom seen in males?

A

burning/ pain w/ urination

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15
Q

STDs increases risk for what?

A

HIV

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16
Q

Where do most people go for STI treatment?

A

Private provider (59%)

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17
Q

On 1st OB/GYN visit women were asked what the most?

A

breast exam (69%)

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18
Q

On 1st OB/GYN visit women were asked what the least?

A

STDs other than HIV/AIDs (12%)

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19
Q

On 1st OB/GYN visit women asked what the most?

A

birth control

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20
Q

On 1st OB/GYN visit women asked what the least?

A

alcohol use and STDs other than HIV/AIDS

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21
Q

What has the biggest STI incidence in the US.

A

Chlamydia

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22
Q

What has the second biggest STI incidence in the US?

A

Trichomoniasis

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23
Q

What has the biggest prevalence in US?

A

HSV

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24
Q

What has the second biggest prevalence in US?

A

HPV

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25
Q

What causes cervicitis and lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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26
Q

What causes newborn conjunctivitis and pneumonia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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27
Q

What is the gold standard test for chlamydia?

A

gold standard

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28
Q

What is the confirmatory test for chlamydia?

A

DNA amplification assays

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29
Q

Most common sign of gonorrhea infection in males?

A

urethritis w/ discharge

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30
Q

Most common sign of gonorrhea infection in females?

A

majority asymptomatic. vaginal discharge, swelling, abd. pain

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31
Q

Where does gonorrhea usual colonize in females?

A

endocervical canal- primary neck of uterus, cervix

and also- urethra

32
Q

postiive gram stain urethral smear

A

gonorrhea in males

33
Q

positive gram stain smear

A

gonorrhea in females

34
Q

In a primary HSV infection what symptom is seen?

A

asymptomatic

35
Q

How would you rate genital herpes simplex?

A

symptomatic cases severe, prolonged, systemic manifestations

36
Q

T/F HSV can spread when symptoms are not there

A

TRUE

37
Q

Vesicles, painful ulceration, crusting

A

Genital Herpes Simplex

38
Q

T/F HSV is curable?

A

FALSE (reoccurrence occurs)

39
Q

What methods are used to diagnosis genital herpes simplex?

A

culture, serology (Western Blot), PCR

40
Q

What is the 3rd most common STD and is constantly on the rise

A

genital herpes

41
Q

What age of the population has genital herpes by

A

35yr

42
Q

What accounts for most of the HSV accounts?

A

HSV-2 (90%)

43
Q

Where are the majority of HSV infections from?

A

from subclinical infection (absence of symptoms/dx)

44
Q

What are complications of genital herpes

A

neonatal transmission, enhanced HIV transmission, psychosocial issues

45
Q

Of the 372 diagnosed with genital herpes most had

A

HSV-2 antibody w/o viral shedding or hx of symptoms

46
Q

What is the biggest thing pts w/ herpes want to know?

A

if they were infected

47
Q

What is the biggest problem with testing HSV?

A

most of the time you have to order testing separately from STD screening

48
Q

How is HPV infection detected?

A

by detection of HPV DNA

49
Q

What is HPV infection causally associated with?

A 
cervical cancer 
(anal, penile, vulvar, vaginal squamous cell cancers)
50
Q

What is detected within tumors of cervical cancers?

A

HPV

51
Q

What ensures early detection and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions

A

Routine pap smear

52
Q

U.S. compared to world wide, who has the lowest incidence of HPV associated cancers?

A

World wide (450,000 w/ 200,000 deaths)
vs
5,000 deaths U.S.

53
Q

What is the #1 symptom of HPV?

A

raised wart growth (condyloma wart)

54
Q

How is HPV prevented?

A

HPV vaccine

55
Q

The rate of cervical cancer has….

A

decreased and remained constant since 1973- 1999

56
Q

Whom has the greatest incidence of cervical cancer?

A

Black women

57
Q

The incidence of cervical cancer by race has…

A

decreased and equalized from 1973-99

58
Q

Why do black women have higher incidences of cervical cancer?

A

not getting pap smears, and lagging behind in younger women getting vaccines

59
Q

Where is chancre seen in syphillis

A

primary syphillis

60
Q

What is HIGHLY INFECTIOUS in primary syphilis?

A

chancre (painless)

61
Q

Presentation of chancre in early syphilis?

A

macule/papule -> erodes

62
Q

Presentation of chancre in late syphilis?

A

clean based, painless, indurate ulcer w/ smooth firm borders

63
Q

What is the gift that keeps giving?

A

chancre

64
Q

How long does it take a chancre to disappear

A

1-5 wks

65
Q

What does secondary syphilis represent?

A

hematogenous dissemination of spirochetes

66
Q

When does secondary syphilis appear?

A

2-8 wks after chancre appears

67
Q

Highly INFECTIOUS thing found in secondary syphilis?

A

condyloma latum (flatten wart)

68
Q

What are some findings in secondary syphilis?

A

rash (palms/soles)
mucous patches
condyloma latum

69
Q

When do s/s go away in secondary syphilis?

A

2-10 weeks

70
Q

What do you worry about the most in secondary syphilis?

A

spreading to the brain

71
Q

STI + raises the risk of HIV….

A

2-5X risk for HIV seroconversion

72
Q

How is HIV susceptibility increased

A

through endocervical CD4 recruitment by non-ulcerative STIs

73
Q

How is HIV transmitted through STI spread

A

portal of entry created by ulcers

74
Q

STI increase HIV ?? and ??

A

HIV shedding and infectiousness

75
Q

STD treatment does what for HIV…?

A

reduces shedding to baseline levels

76
Q

What is STI treatment for HIV prevention?

A

sexual risk reduction counseling PLUS messages for at risk persons & providers

Preventative Medicine (7 decks)

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