Sexual Behaviors Flashcards
What are STIs?
infections that are spread from person to person through intimate sexual contact
How many sexually active teens have an STI?
1/4
How are STIs spread?
skin to skin, person to person, not necessarily intercourse
How are STIs prevented?
abstinence (including oral, vaginal, anal sex)
T/F it is possible to get an STD even without having intercourse through skin o skin contact
TRUE
What are 11 common STIs?
chlamydia gonorrhea genital herpes (HSV-2) genital warts (HPV) Syphilis HIV and AIDS Hepatitis B Pubic Lice Trichomoniasis
What symptoms are seen in most people w/ STI?
NONE, most people don’t have symptoms
What is the only way to to tell for sure a pt is infected
Laboratory testing, sex hx
T/F if s/s are NOT present, the pt can still infect partners
True
In Americans 18-64, how many can’t name any STDs
12%
In Americans 18-64, how many believe all STDs are curable
17%
In Americans 18-64, how many are unaware that STDs increase risk of HIV infection
56%
If a female has heavy/excessive bleeding, after menopause what must be ruled out?
uterine cancer
What is a classic symptom seen in males?
burning/ pain w/ urination
STDs increases risk for what?
HIV
Where do most people go for STI treatment?
Private provider (59%)
On 1st OB/GYN visit women were asked what the most?
breast exam (69%)
On 1st OB/GYN visit women were asked what the least?
STDs other than HIV/AIDs (12%)
On 1st OB/GYN visit women asked what the most?
birth control
On 1st OB/GYN visit women asked what the least?
alcohol use and STDs other than HIV/AIDS
What has the biggest STI incidence in the US.
Chlamydia
What has the second biggest STI incidence in the US?
Trichomoniasis
What has the biggest prevalence in US?
HSV
What has the second biggest prevalence in US?
HPV
What causes cervicitis and lymphogranuloma venereum?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What causes newborn conjunctivitis and pneumonia
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the gold standard test for chlamydia?
gold standard
What is the confirmatory test for chlamydia?
DNA amplification assays
Most common sign of gonorrhea infection in males?
urethritis w/ discharge
Most common sign of gonorrhea infection in females?
majority asymptomatic. vaginal discharge, swelling, abd. pain
Where does gonorrhea usual colonize in females?
endocervical canal- primary neck of uterus, cervix
and also- urethra
postiive gram stain urethral smear
gonorrhea in males
positive gram stain smear
gonorrhea in females
In a primary HSV infection what symptom is seen?
asymptomatic
How would you rate genital herpes simplex?
symptomatic cases severe, prolonged, systemic manifestations
T/F HSV can spread when symptoms are not there
TRUE
Vesicles, painful ulceration, crusting
Genital Herpes Simplex
T/F HSV is curable?
FALSE (reoccurrence occurs)
What methods are used to diagnosis genital herpes simplex?
culture, serology (Western Blot), PCR
What is the 3rd most common STD and is constantly on the rise
genital herpes
What age of the population has genital herpes by
35yr
What accounts for most of the HSV accounts?
HSV-2 (90%)
Where are the majority of HSV infections from?
from subclinical infection (absence of symptoms/dx)
What are complications of genital herpes
neonatal transmission, enhanced HIV transmission, psychosocial issues
Of the 372 diagnosed with genital herpes most had
HSV-2 antibody w/o viral shedding or hx of symptoms
What is the biggest thing pts w/ herpes want to know?
if they were infected
What is the biggest problem with testing HSV?
most of the time you have to order testing separately from STD screening
How is HPV infection detected?
by detection of HPV DNA
What is HPV infection causally associated with?
cervical cancer (anal, penile, vulvar, vaginal squamous cell cancers)
What is detected within tumors of cervical cancers?
HPV
What ensures early detection and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions
Routine pap smear
U.S. compared to world wide, who has the lowest incidence of HPV associated cancers?
World wide (450,000 w/ 200,000 deaths)
vs
5,000 deaths U.S.
What is the #1 symptom of HPV?
raised wart growth (condyloma wart)
How is HPV prevented?
HPV vaccine
The rate of cervical cancer has….
decreased and remained constant since 1973- 1999
Whom has the greatest incidence of cervical cancer?
Black women
The incidence of cervical cancer by race has…
decreased and equalized from 1973-99
Why do black women have higher incidences of cervical cancer?
not getting pap smears, and lagging behind in younger women getting vaccines
Where is chancre seen in syphillis
primary syphillis
What is HIGHLY INFECTIOUS in primary syphilis?
chancre (painless)
Presentation of chancre in early syphilis?
macule/papule -> erodes
Presentation of chancre in late syphilis?
clean based, painless, indurate ulcer w/ smooth firm borders
What is the gift that keeps giving?
chancre
How long does it take a chancre to disappear
1-5 wks
What does secondary syphilis represent?
hematogenous dissemination of spirochetes
When does secondary syphilis appear?
2-8 wks after chancre appears
Highly INFECTIOUS thing found in secondary syphilis?
condyloma latum (flatten wart)
What are some findings in secondary syphilis?
rash (palms/soles)
mucous patches
condyloma latum
When do s/s go away in secondary syphilis?
2-10 weeks
What do you worry about the most in secondary syphilis?
spreading to the brain
STI + raises the risk of HIV….
2-5X risk for HIV seroconversion
How is HIV susceptibility increased
through endocervical CD4 recruitment by non-ulcerative STIs
How is HIV transmitted through STI spread
portal of entry created by ulcers
STI increase HIV ?? and ??
HIV shedding and infectiousness
STD treatment does what for HIV…?
reduces shedding to baseline levels
What is STI treatment for HIV prevention?
sexual risk reduction counseling PLUS messages for at risk persons & providers
