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Preventative Medicine > Immunizations > Flashcards

Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

What is active immunity?

A

protection produced by the person’s own immune system (usually permanent)

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2
Q

What is passive immunity

A

protection transferred from another person or animal (temporary)

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3
Q

What is a antigen?

A

a live or inactivated substance capable of producing an immune response

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4
Q

What is a antibody?

A

protein molecules produced by B lymp to help eliminate an antigen

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5
Q

What is most important in infancy?

A

transplacental passive immunity

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6
Q

How do you get passive immunity

A

blood products
human antibody (immune globulin)
human hyperimmune globulin
heterologous hyperimmune serum (anti-toxin)

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7
Q

What is a monoclonal antibody

A

antibody specific to a single antigen derived from single cell

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8
Q

What are monoclonal antibodies used for?

A

diagnosis and therapy of certain cancers and autoimmune dx

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9
Q

What antibody is used for prevention of RSV?

A

Palivizumab (Synagis)

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10
Q

What type of antibody is Palivizumab?

A

monoclonal
contains RSV antibody
no interference w/ live virus vaccine

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11
Q

Vaccine produce what type of immunity

A

active

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12
Q

How does a vaccine relate and contrast with natural immunity

A

it gives a memory response similar to infection, WITHOUT risk of disease

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13
Q

What are two types of live attenuated vaccines?

A

viral

bacteria

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14
Q

What are the two classifications of vaccines

A

live attenuated

inactivated

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15
Q

What are three forms of inactivated vaccines

A

whole
fractional (protein based)
polysaccharide-based

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16
Q

What is a general rule of vaccines?

A

the more similar to the disease the better the immune response to the vaccine

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17
Q

A live attenuated vaccine is what?

A

“weakened” form of the wild virus or bacterium

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18
Q

A live attenuated vaccine usually requires

A

one dose

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19
Q

What are some live viral attenuated vaccines?

A 
measles
mumps
rubella
varicella zoster
yellow fever
rotavirus
intranasal influenza
rotavirus
vaccinia
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20
Q

What are some live bacteria attenuated vaccine

A

BCG* (not available in US)

oral typhoid

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21
Q

Which is more effective live or inactivated?

A

live

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22
Q

How many doses are required for inactivated vaccines

A

3-5 doses

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23
Q

With inactivated vaccines, antibody titers….

A

diminish with time

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24
Q

What are whole cell viral inactivated vaccines

A

polio, hepatitis A, rabies, influenza (not in US)

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25
Q

What are whole cell bacteria inactivated vaccines

A

pertussis, typhoid, cholera, plague

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26
Q

What are fractional vaccines subunit

A

hep B, influenza, acellular pertussis, human papillomavirus, anthrax

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27
Q

What are toxoid fractional vaccines

A

diphtheria, tetanus

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28
Q

What are pure polysaccharide vaccines

A

pneumococcal
meningococcal
Salmonella Typhi (Vi)

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29
Q

What are conjugate polysaccharide

A

haemophilus influenzae type b
pneumococcal
meningococcal

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30
Q

pure polysaccharide vaccines are not consistent in whom

A

children younger than 2 yrs of age

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31
Q

What is the general rule of inactivated and live vaccines

A

inactivated vaccines are NOT affected by circulating antibody

Live are affected

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32
Q

When it comes to antibodies and vaccines… when should vaccines be given

A

wait 2 weeks before giving antibody

33
Q

When it comes to antibodies and vaccines… when should antibody be given

A

wait 3 months or longer before giving vaccine

34
Q

What does RBC w/wo washed have

A

antibody content

35
Q

What is the general rule of admin vaccines

A

all vaccines can be admin at the same visit

36
Q

Two live injected vaccines should be given how far apart?

A

4 weeks

37
Q

Intranasal influenza vaccine should be given how far apart

A

4 weeks

38
Q

For asplenic children what two vaccines must be give 4 weeks apart

A

pneumococcal conjugate
and
Menactra brand meningococcal conjugate vaccines

39
Q

T/F interference can occur between two live vaccines given less than 28 days (4wks) apart?

A

TRUE

40
Q

If two live vaccines or live intranasal influenze is given less than 28dy apart what should be done

A

the second vaccine given should be repeated

41
Q

The only vaccines that can be given less than 28d apart is ?

A

yellow fever after measles vaccine

42
Q

T/F increasing the interval between multidose vaccines will interfere with its effectiveness?

A

FALSE

43
Q

Decreasing the interval between doses of multidose vaccine will interfere w/ protection

A

TRUE

44
Q

TWO RULES regarding admin of vaccines

A

1- shouldn’t be given less than minimum intervals

2- or earlier than minimum age

45
Q

The ACIP can valid a vaccine if it is

A

given up to 4 days before minimum requirements

46
Q

If given more the minimum requirements who might not accept it?

A

immunization programs or school entry requirements

47
Q

Is it necessary to add or restart series bc of extended intervals between doses

A

NO

48
Q

What causes adverse reactions?

A

effect caused by vaccine

side effect

49
Q

What causes adverse event

A

any event following vaccination
may be true adv rxn
or coincidental

50
Q

S/S of local adverse rxn to vaccine

A

pain, swelling, redness at site of injection

mild and self limited

51
Q

Adverse rxn are common with what vaccines

A

inactivated vaccines

52
Q

S/S of systemic adverse rxn to vaccine

A

fever, malaise, headache
nonspecific
unrelated to vaccine

53
Q

What must live attenuated vaccines do to produce immunity

A

replicate
(mild)
occurs 7-21dys after incubation period

54
Q

S/S of allergic adr to vaccine

A

vaccine or vaccine component
rare
risk minimized by screening

55
Q

Precaution to vaccines means?

A

a condition the person has that might increase adr or compromise ability of vaccine to produce immunity

56
Q

What are the 4 permanent contraindications to vaccination?

A
  • severe allergic rxn
  • encephalopathy not due to another cause occurring 7 DAYS pertussis vaccination
  • Severe combined immunodeficiency
  • hx of intussusception
57
Q

allergy to component

A

contraindicated in both

58
Q

encephalopathy

A

contraindicated in both

59
Q

pregnancy

A

live contraindicated in women

inactivated if need except HPV

60
Q

immunosupression

A

live contraindicated

inactivated if need

61
Q

severe illness

A

precaution in both

62
Q

recent blood product

A

live precaution only MMR or varicella not zoster

inactivated if need

63
Q

Should live vaccines be given to pregnant women

A

NO

64
Q

Should HPV given to preggo?

A

no

65
Q

When should Tdap be admin to the preggos?

A

during late 2nd or third after 20wks
IF NOT
immediately after postpartum

66
Q

Should live vaccines be admin to immunosuppressed

A

NO

67
Q

Should inactivated vaccines be admin to immunosuppressed?

A

YES- but response might be decreased

68
Q

What is considered a immunosuppression disease

A

congenital immunodeficiency
leukemia or lymphoma
generalized malignancy

69
Q

What is considered a immunosuppression due to chemotherapy

A

alkylating agents
antimetabolites
radiation

70
Q

What Vaccines should be given to asymptomatic HIV/AIDS patients

A

Varicella
MMR
yellow fever consider

71
Q

What vaccines should NOT be given to asymptomatic HIV/AIDS patients

A

Zoster
MMRV
LAIV
Rotavirus

72
Q

What vaccines should NOT be given to symptomatic HIV/AIDS patients

A

ALLL OF THEM!!!!!

73
Q

For HCT recipients when should vaccines be re-admin

A

6-12mo post transplant

74
Q

What are HCT recipients at an increased risk for?

A

pneumococcal disease

75
Q

When should Stem cell transplant ppl be re-admin

A

inactivated influenza = 6mo
inactivated DTap/Td, IPV, hep b Hib, PCV, PPV = 12m
MMR and varicella = 24m

76
Q

Healthy household contacts of immunosuppressed persons should

A

receive MMR and Varicella and annual flu

77
Q

What are not good reasons to get a vaccine?

A

Mild illness
Antimicrobial therapy
Disease exposure or convalescence
Pregnant or immunosuppressed person in the household
Breastfeeding
Preterm birth
Allergy to products not present in vaccine or allergy that is not anaphylactic
Family history of adverse events- only your vaccination accounts
Tuberculin skin testing

78
Q

Should vaccines be admin during a acute illness?

A

Yes, but best to delay until after improvement

Preventative Medicine (7 decks)

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