sexual and reproductive health Flashcards
What is sexual health?
(WHO, 2006)
- a state of physical, mental, and social well-being relating to sexuality
- not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity
- requires a positive and repsectfull approach to sexuality and sexual relationships
- for sexual health to be attainted and maintained the sexual rights of all persons must be respcted, protected and fulfilled.
What is sexuality?
(WHO, 2006).
- sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy, and reproduction
- experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beleifs, attitudes, values, behaviours, roles, and relationships
- influences by the interaction of biological, psychological social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, relegioud, and spiritual factors.
List the 9 sexual rights.
- to equality and non-discrimination
- to be free from torture. or to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment
- to privacy
- to the highest attainable standard of health (including sexual health) and social security
- to marry and found a family and enter into mariage with the free and full consent of the intending spouses, and to equality in and at the dissolution of marriage.
- to decide the number and spacing of one’s children
- to infomration, as well as education
- to freedom, of opinion and expression
- to an effective remedy for violations of fundamental rights
many of these link to the fundamental human rights.
What is reproductive justice?
(Sister Song, 2024).
The human right to maintain personal bodily autonomy, have children, ot have children, and parent the children we have in safe and sustainable communties.
Reproductive justice is not only about choice but equally about access
What is reproductive health?
(WHO, 2006).
- state of complete physical and social well-being, not merely thje absence of disease or infirmity in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its fucntions and processes
- implies people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capacity to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so.
List some globally challanges in relation to sexual health?
(WHO, 2018)
- sexual education provision
-human trafficking - contraception
- antenatal, intrapartum, and post natal care
- abortion care
- STI prevention and care
- HIV prevention and care
- LGBT communities
- violence against women, children, and partners
- forces marriage
- genital mutation
List some challanged in the UK in relation to sexual health.
(Public Health England, 2019)
- increase in modern slavery investigations (sexual is highest)
- increase in STI diagnoses. Statistics show that from 2017 to 2018 there was a 5% increase in STI diagnoses in England, with the number of diagnoses raising to 447,694
- both gonorrhea and syphilis have remerged as public health concerns. Since 2009 the diagnoses have risen by 249 % and 165% respectfully overall and by 643% and 236% in men who have sex with men
Discuss the WHO framework for operationalisng sexual health and its linkages to reproductive health.
(WHO, 2017)
- proivides consistent care as its international framework
- makes explicit link between sexual and reproductive health
- the aim is to promote physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality
- as internation you must consider the strtcurwe of the country you are in- differeny cultural and social norms, socio-economic inequalities etc.
- states a series of principles that help strategies and actions to ensure sexual and reproducive health is achieved: hollistic approach, linked nature between SH and RH, respect and protection of human rights, multilevel infleunces, diversity of needs
What is the framework used to promote sexual and reproductuive health in Scotland?
(Fulford, 2012).
- value-based care
- the practice needs to acknowledges the values of the person we are caring for and how these may differ from our own
What is positive sexual attitude?
(NHS Scotland, 2024)
- linked to value based care
Respect: yourself and others at all times
Safety: protect yourself and partners from STIsm unwnated pregnancy, negative emotional effects of sexual behaviour
Knowledge: learn learn about your body and mind, sexuality, health, reproduction and laws that affect sex. When and where to access sexual health services for free contraception and STI testing,
Communication: become comfortable talking about sexuality with other people. Become able to have mature discussions with your family, friends, and especially your partner(s).
When are there exceptions to patient
confidentiality?
Very important to set boundaries in communication- patient should know conversation is confidential however if information disclosed that discusses breaking the law or the safety or thwem or someone else is compromised it is the nurses duty to disclose this information.
e.g. sexual abuse, sexual exploitation- importamt to remember this can happen at any age
What is the ‘supporting healthy relationships and positive sexual health’ programme?
- covers from very young age to older teen years
- implemented by health visitors and school nurses
- e.g. conversation with parents to support positite relationships, establishing communination, awareness, primary care, prevention, education
- goal is for everyone to experiance sexuality in safe and pleasurable manner
What is the ICE technique used in sexual history taking?
(Pendelton, 1984)
Idea- what does the person think might be going on?
Concern- what is it they are most concerned about?
Expectation- what do they expect you to do? what are their wishes?
What is the nursing stance in sexual and reproductive health?
(Olshansky, 2018)
raising the voice of nursing in support of evidence-based policies that
1) ensure that all people have full access to affordable, sexual and reproductive health services
2) facilitate expansion of clinical knowledge and evidence-based women’s preventive health services especially related to preventing unintended pregnancies
3) assure that all women’s health care, including reproductive health services, is grounded in scientific knowledge and evidence-based policies and standards of care
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How does cancer tie in with sexual and reproductive health?
(Cancer Research, 2019)
- tie in with many STIs
- develop life threatening risks
- impacts treatment needed
- almost half of cancers are lung, bowel, brerat, or prostate
- causes more than 1 in 4 deaths in UK
