sexual and asexual reproduction Flashcards
1
Q
what does asexual reproduction involve
A
- one parent
- no fusion of gametes, so no mixing of genetic info
- production of genetically identical offspring
- mitosis
2
Q
what is a gamete
A
specialised sex cell formed by meiosis
3
Q
male and female gametes in flowering plants
A
pollen and egg cells
4
Q
what is meiosis
A
- cell with two pairs of chromosomes (DIPLOID)
- each chromosome replicates itself
- chromosomes move to opposite poles
- cell divides for the first time
- copes now separate and second cell division takes place
- four haploid cells each with half the number of chromosomes of parent cell
5
Q
when a cell divides by meiosis
A
- copies of genetic info are made
- cell divides twice to form four gametes, each with a single set of chromosomes
- all gametes are genetically different with each other
6
Q
what is meiosis important
A
halves the number of chromosomes in gametes, this means that fertilisation can restore the full number of chromosomes
7
Q
each gene codes for a
A
particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein
8
Q
what is a genome
A
all the genetic material found in an organism or species
9
Q
why does the human genome have important uses in the future (to doctors)
A
- doctors can search for genes linked to different types of disorder
- help scientists to understand the cause of inherited disorders and how to treat them
- scientists can investigate how humans may have changed over time
10
Q
what are strawberry runners
A
they touch the ground and grow a new plant
