sexual and asexual production Flashcards
sexual reproduction
the fusion of two distinct haploid gametes to produce a single diploid zygote composed of two sets of chromosome
asexual reproduction
producing offspring without the fusion
of gametes
sexual reproduction advantages
increase genetic diversity of a population
improving disease resistance by promoting the presence of different alleles
reduces the chance of an offspring inheriting genetic disorder
sexual reproduction disadvantages
cost of male progeny
time, energy and resources it takes to find mate
risk of transferable disease via sexual intercourse
risk of losing offspring to outside influences
asexual reproduction advantages
population grow faster
offspring are identical clones of parents
does not require a mate, meaning an organisms doesn’t have to be mobile
requires little parental investment
asexual production disadvantages
genetic diversity is low, therefor asexually reproducing populations may suffer due to rapid environmental changes
budding
a group of cells form a bud and break away from the original organisms to form a clone
fragmentation
a parent organisms breaks into fragments each of which may develop into individual clones
vegetative propagation
a plant grows from fragments, such as stem or root-cutting of its parents
sporogenesis
spores from on the surface of the organisms and are dispersed into the surrounding where they may develop into individual clones of original
parthenogenesis
embryo can develop from a single unfertilised gamete
gene pool
the total number of individual alleles within a particular population
genetic diversity
The amount of genetic variation that exists between individuals
helps guards against the disadvantages environmental changes
asexual reproduction in plants
budding
vegetative propagation
sporagensis
sexual reproduction in plants, pollination
involves the fusing of pollen (male gamete) and ovule (female gamete) and leads to the production of seeds
