adaptions Flashcards
structural adaptions
evolved modifications to an organism’s physical structure
physiological adaptions
evolved modifications to an organism’s internal functioning or metabolic processes
behavioural adaptions
evolved modifications to an organism’s actions
adaptions
the action or process of adapting or being adapted
make something suitable for a new use or purpose
dry environment structural adaptions
insulation techniques
surface area to volume ratio
capillary channels in skin
dry environments physiological adaptions
endotherms versus ectotherms
heat release dilation of blood vessels and peripheral circulation
evaporative cooling
excretion of concentrated urine
low water content faeces
reliance on metabolically produced water
dry environments behavioural adaptions
nocturnal behavioural
endurers versus evaders
evaporative cooling
burrowing
dry environments plants adaptions, decreasing heat uptake
lightly coloured or reflective leaves
leaves of small surface area
leaves vertical to minimise surface area exposed to sun
dry environments surface area : volume ratio heat loss
decreased SA:V ratio means an animal will release heat slowly increasing the time it takes for body temperature to drop
structural adaption insulation
The more insulated an animal is, the harder it is for the animal to release heat into the environment
e can say that the less insulated an animal is, the easier it is to release heat into the environment
dry environments physiological surface blood flow
internal temperature rises after activity, blood vessels near the skin dilate and total surface blood flow increases. and hot blood releases into environment cooling the animal down
dry environments physiological evaporative cooling
release huge amounts of heat via evaporation of water, such as sweating and panting. however it requires water and may cause dehydration
dry environments behavioural enduring extreme conditions
inactivity during the hottest part of the day
digging small pits to sit down in(burrowing)
seek shade under tress
licking thier arms
dry environments plants adaptions, increasing water uptake
deep root system which reach groundwater reserves
roots are horizontal to absorb maximum amount of surface water
dry environments plants adaptions, minimising water loss
sunken stomata that produce pockets of air
folding or rolling leaves
guard cells
cold environments structural adaptions
insulation
SA:V ratio
cold environments physiological adaptions
endotherms vs ectotherms
torpor
circulation/countercurrent
cold environments physiological adaptions, torpor
hibernation and brimation, helps to reduce metabolic rate which allows the animal to survive on little food or water
cold environments physiological adaptions, circulation
vasoconstriction, when diameter of small blood vessels in skin is reduced
countercurrent circulation, use the heat in blood travelling from the heart to heat cool blood returning from the animal’s periphery
cold environments behavioural adaptions
reducing exposed surface area
hudding(reduces exposed surface area)
seeking shelter
migration to warmer climates
cold environments plants adaptations, prevent freezing
when temperature drops plant cells receive signals to increase the concentration of solutes such as glucose in their cells, which increases a plant cell’s resistance to freezing.
cold environments plants adaptations, deciduous tress
a tree that seasonally drops all its leaves menaing they:
- avoid fozen leaf tissue
- requires less energy in winter months
- less branch breakage during snow and wind
cold environments plant adaptions, seed democracy
seeds will be dispersed before the winter months, and then remain dormant until warmer spring weather
aquatic environments structural adaptions
Their body is streamlined and hence, they can swim easily. They have gills as the respiratory organs
aquatic environments physiological adaptions
To cope with these temperature changes, they are endothermic or ‘warm blooded’
aquatic environments behavioural adaptions
sounds made by whales allow them to communicate, navigate and hunt prey
Crab larvae use sounds to help them find suitable habitats
fish swim in schools or large numbers to protect members of the group from predators
aquatic environments plants adaptions
Spongy Tissue in Stems and Leaves. helps the plant move the oxygen in the air down to the roots.
Floating, Horizontal Leaves. float on the surface of the water expose as much of the leaf surface as possible to the sun
e stems of many aquatic plant have large air-filled areas to increase buoyancy
