adaptions

Question 1

structural adaptions

Answer 1

evolved modifications to an organism’s physical structure

Question 2

physiological adaptions

Answer 2

evolved modifications to an organism’s internal functioning or metabolic processes

Question 3

behavioural adaptions

Answer 3

evolved modifications to an organism’s actions

Question 4

adaptions

Answer 4

the action or process of adapting or being adapted
make something suitable for a new use or purpose

Question 5

dry environment structural adaptions

Answer 5

insulation techniques
surface area to volume ratio
capillary channels in skin

Question 6

dry environments physiological adaptions

Answer 6

endotherms versus ectotherms
heat release dilation of blood vessels and peripheral circulation
evaporative cooling
excretion of concentrated urine
low water content faeces
reliance on metabolically produced water

Question 7

dry environments behavioural adaptions

Answer 7

nocturnal behavioural
endurers versus evaders
evaporative cooling
burrowing

Question 8

dry environments plants adaptions, decreasing heat uptake

Answer 8

lightly coloured or reflective leaves
leaves of small surface area
leaves vertical to minimise surface area exposed to sun

Question 9

dry environments surface area : volume ratio heat loss

Answer 9

decreased SA:V ratio means an animal will release heat slowly increasing the time it takes for body temperature to drop

Question 10

structural adaption insulation

Answer 10

The more insulated an animal is, the harder it is for the animal to release heat into the environment

e can say that the less insulated an animal is, the easier it is to release heat into the environment

Question 11

dry environments physiological surface blood flow

Answer 11

internal temperature rises after activity, blood vessels near the skin dilate and total surface blood flow increases. and hot blood releases into environment cooling the animal down

Question 12

dry environments physiological evaporative cooling

Answer 12

release huge amounts of heat via evaporation of water, such as sweating and panting. however it requires water and may cause dehydration

Question 13

dry environments behavioural enduring extreme conditions

Answer 13

inactivity during the hottest part of the day
digging small pits to sit down in(burrowing)
seek shade under tress
licking thier arms

Question 14

dry environments plants adaptions, increasing water uptake

Answer 14

deep root system which reach groundwater reserves
roots are horizontal to absorb maximum amount of surface water

Question 15

dry environments plants adaptions, minimising water loss

Answer 15

sunken stomata that produce pockets of air
folding or rolling leaves
guard cells

Question 16

cold environments structural adaptions

Answer 16

insulation
SA:V ratio

Question 17

cold environments physiological adaptions

Answer 17

endotherms vs ectotherms
torpor
circulation/countercurrent

Question 18

cold environments physiological adaptions, torpor

Answer 18

hibernation and brimation, helps to reduce metabolic rate which allows the animal to survive on little food or water

Question 19

cold environments physiological adaptions, circulation

Answer 19

vasoconstriction, when diameter of small blood vessels in skin is reduced
countercurrent circulation, use the heat in blood travelling from the heart to heat cool blood returning from the animal’s periphery

Question 20

cold environments behavioural adaptions

Answer 20

reducing exposed surface area
hudding(reduces exposed surface area)
seeking shelter
migration to warmer climates

Question 21

cold environments plants adaptations, prevent freezing

Answer 21

when temperature drops plant cells receive signals to increase the concentration of solutes such as glucose in their cells, which increases a plant cell’s resistance to freezing.

Question 22

cold environments plants adaptations, deciduous tress

Answer 22

a tree that seasonally drops all its leaves menaing they:
- avoid fozen leaf tissue
- requires less energy in winter months
- less branch breakage during snow and wind

Question 23

cold environments plant adaptions, seed democracy

Answer 23

seeds will be dispersed before the winter months, and then remain dormant until warmer spring weather

Question 24

aquatic environments structural adaptions

Answer 24

Their body is streamlined and hence, they can swim easily. They have gills as the respiratory organs

Question 25

aquatic environments physiological adaptions

Answer 25

To cope with these temperature changes, they are endothermic or ‘warm blooded’

Question 26

aquatic environments behavioural adaptions

Answer 26

sounds made by whales allow them to communicate, navigate and hunt prey
Crab larvae use sounds to help them find suitable habitats
fish swim in schools or large numbers to protect members of the group from predators

Question 27

aquatic environments plants adaptions

Answer 27

Spongy Tissue in Stems and Leaves. helps the plant move the oxygen in the air down to the roots.
Floating, Horizontal Leaves. float on the surface of the water expose as much of the leaf surface as possible to the sun
e stems of many aquatic plant have large air-filled areas to increase buoyancy