cloning Flashcards
clone
a genetically identical organism of section of DNA
somatic cell nuclear transfer
the transference of a somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated egg cell
somatic cell nuclear transfer process
enucleation - the removal of the nucleus from a donated egg cell to produce an enucleated egg cell
extraction - the donated somatic cell nucleus is extracted
insertion - the somatic cells nucleus is inserted into the enucleated egg cell
development - the cell begins to divide and develop into an embryo, which is implanted into surrogate mother
complication of SCNT
animal suffering
human cloning
premature ageing
embryo splitting
the division of an early embryo into several individual embryos
embryo splitting process
fertilised - egg cell removed from donor
eggs are fertilised in a test tube
early embryo split - Once zygote has divided, the extended coat which promotes cell division is removed and two cells separate
split embryos implanted in surrogate mother - each cell is given an artificial coating which promotes division and are implanted in surrogate mother
complications of embryo splitting
alteration of embryo
genetic diversity
research animals
plant cutting
the growth of plants using a fragment of the original
cut of fragment of plant
Plant it in soil or water
under correct conditions a clone will be produced
plant grafting
attaching the stem of one plant (the scion) to the stem of another plant with an already developed root system (the rootstock)
plant tissue culturing
involves the cloning of plant cells in a controlled environment
plants cells obtained from original plant is grown on a nutrient culture medium, as callus forms it can be separated into several cultures and grow into clones
implications of plant cloning
decrease genetic diversity
more susceptible to diseases, pests and environmental changes
