sexual (8) Flashcards
what is the first test to do in women who are not menstruating
Human chorionic gonadotropin
what does HCG stim
stims test prod
What is hCG secreted by
secreted by placenta trophoblasts (can be measured 3 days post conception)
How is hCG typically meausred
Immunoassays
radioimmunoassays
radioimmunoassays
mass spectrometry
Other than prog what does hCG increase in (3)
germ cell cancer of the testes
hepatomas
lymphomas
what stims LH release and what does it stim
secreted in response to GnRH from hypothalamus
is a releasing hormone from the pituitary
Stims estrogen from corpus luteum in females + stims test prod from leading cells in males
When does LH peak in menstural cycle
Peaks at middle
When does LH increase/decrese
I- Testes/overy failed, precocious pub
D- Pituitary failure, hypothalamus failure, stress, anorexia
What does FSH do in m + w
from pituitary
-stims sertoli cells in testes in men, follicles in every of women
what hormone is used to look for testes failure in men and menopause in women
FSH
What is FSH increased and decreased in
I- testes/overy failure, precocious puberty
D- Pituitary failure, hypothalamus failure
what is prolactin released from and what does it do
From ant pituitary
-causes lactation, suppression of menstrual cycle
MC tutor that produces prolactin
prolactinoms
What are the 3 androgens measured
DHEA (DHEA-S)
Androstenedione
Testosterone (bilogically available test is free, not bound)
What is test made by
Leydig Cells
what is the hormone marker for adrenal hyperfunction + what is it used to dx
17 hydroxyprogesterone
-used in dx of congenital adrenal hyperplasia/ovarian tutors/polycytic ovarian diseases
Where is progesterone produced and what does it do
produced by the corpus luteum in overy
- prepares endometrium for implantation
- prepares mammary glands to secrete milk
-increases in latter part of the menstrual cycle
difficulty w hormone measuremenst
- very small amounts have huge effects
- some hormones come out in pulses
- what hormones do depend on the hormone and other chemical in the milieu
causes of precocious puberty in boys + girls
boys- congenital adrenal hyperplasia
girls- to early maturation of hypothalamus and pituitary
Tests for precocious puberty
androgens or estradiol
–Gonadotropin releasing hormone stim test (healthy is a 0 response)
what to do if teenager but no puburty
GnRH stim test
test results in an XY individual
these imdv have lots of test but a defect in the receptor
- excesss test is converted to estrogen feminizing the imdv
- these imdv will be sterile
What to check from if a menstuating women stops menses
-check for weight changes, life stresses, general illness, appearance
lab- preg test, prolactin, androgens, FSH
Polycystic ovaries (congenital adrenal hyperplasia) results
Starts at puberty. Hyperandrogenism but not levels of virilizing tumors
-increased LH, normal FSH
impotence probs causes
90% of those have blood flow probs (atherosclerosis, nerve damage, post prostatectomy)
what is infiltility chategorized as
no conception after 1 year of unprotected sex
initial lab for infirtility
Spermatozoa count and motility (60% should show progressive motility)
- CBC
- urinalysis
- STIs
causes of female infertility
No ovulation
antisperm antibodies
tubal and pelvic diseases
Tests for ovarian failure
low serum oestrogen
high serum LH, FSH
serum prolactin
Male infertility causes
Testicular failure
hypothalamic puberty
sperm autoantibody
andropause symptoms
depression, lethargy, inability to conc
insomnia
irritability
loss of mm strength
heamatoology changes in preg
blood volume increases by 40#
blood water increases by 6-8l
erythrocyte mass increases by 20-30%
coagulation changes in prg
fibrinogen sig increase
prothrombin tim, APTT increases
plasminogen increases
respiratory changes in preg
ox increases by 20%
how to screen for down syndrome, spina bifida
downs- low levels of serum AFP
Spina- High levels of serum AFP
