Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > Sex steroid Hormones > Flashcards

Sex steroid Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What class of hormones are all sex hormones?

A

Steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are testosterone and androstenedione precursor molecules for?

A

Oestrogen synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the actions of testosterone?

A
  1. Control of male sexual characteristics, thickened skin, and male hair growth.
  2. Control of mood and sex drive.
  3. Controls bone formation - increased bone thickness and periosteal bone formation.
  4. Controls basal metabolic rate and muscle mass
  5. Controls erythropoeisis, promoting red blood cell formation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is periosteal bone formation?

A

The formation of new bone in response to injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is beta-estradiol?

A

Oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the actions of oestrogen?

A
  1. Reproductive roles and in the menstrual cycle.
  2. Development of breast tissue, sexual organs.
  3. Control of metabolism.
  4. Prevents bone loss, by decreasing bone resorption by osteoclasts.
  5. Vasoprotection - decreasing risk of atherogenesis in males and females.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is atherogenesis?

A

Disorder of the artery wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is osteoporosis an issue for women and why?

A

Post menopause due to lack of oestrogen production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis.

A
  1. Hypothalamus produces GnRH.
  2. GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary to produce LH and FSH.
  3. LH and FSH travel to the gonads via the circulatory system.
  4. The gonads respond by producing a protein StAR.
  5. StAR promotes the synthesis of the sex steroid hormones.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does LH do in men?

A

Stimulates leydig cell production of testosterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does LH do in women?

A

Cause ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does FSH do in women?

A

Stimulates the development and maturation of follicles in the ovary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does FSH do in men?

A

Stimulates spermatogenesis in the sertoli cells of the testes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

Sertoli cells of the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does inhibin do?

A

Inhibit FSH production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is primary hypogonadism?

A

• Primary hypogonadism is the failure of the gonads. Examples include…
o Turner syndrome – affecting females where sufferers have a missing or partially missing X chromosome.
o Klinefelter syndrome –affecting males where sufferers have an extra X chromosome.

17
Q

What is secondary hypogonadism?

A

• Secondary hypogonadism is the failure of the hypothalamus or pituitary. Examples include…
o Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism – caused by a lack of GnRH, FSH or LH.
o Kallmann syndrome – neurones that stimulate the release of GnRH fail to migrate into the Hypothalamus during development.

18
Q

Why do steroid hormones require binding proteins in order to travel in the blood?

A

They are lipophillic

19
Q

What binding protein transports progesterone in the blood?

A

o Alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein which transports progesterone.

20
Q

What binding protein transports testosterone and estradiol in the blood?

A

o Sex hormone binding globulin which transports testosterone, estradiol.

21
Q

Where is the primary site of sex hormone breakdown?

A

The liver

22
Q

How does the liver break down sex hormones?

A

The liver modifies sex hormones so that they become water soluble and can be excreted by the kidneys.

23
Q

Explain how steroid hormones enter a cell and cause transcription.

A
  • The steroid hormone is membrane soluble so diffuses into the cytoplasm.
  • It’s receptor is bound by Hsp90 and is released by the hormone to translocate to the nucleus where it can then stimulate transcription.
  • Once the receptor is activated the Hsp90 is removed.
24
Q

What is the hormone response element?

A
  • HRE is a short sequence in or near the promoter of response gene.
  • Response element sequence is recognised by the receptor.
  • This then stimulates transcription from the associated gene.
25
Q

What are high oestrogen levels a clinical marker for in men?

A

Liver disease

26
Q

In what cells is testosterone produced?

A

Leydig cells

Endocrine (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions