sex linked genes and recombinants, linkage, etc Flashcards
autosomal genes
inherited through recessive alleles or dominant alleles
n=22
non-sex related
x-linked genes
recessive and dominant inheritance
n=1
genes found on x-chromosome
(more genes are x-linked)
y-linked genes
passed down by male lineage only
genes found on y chromosomes
(less genes are known to be y linked)
recessively inherited disorders
only show up in homozygous recessive individuals (aa)
need to get both or 2 copies of the gene to be affected
both affected parents —> affected offspring
what does a autosomal recessively inherited disorder look like on pedigree
half filled in squares/circles; equal chance for affected males/females
affected offspring often from unaffected parents
skipping between affected offspring generation could occur
2 heterozygotes = 1/4 probability of child being affected
autosomal dominant traits on pedigree
affected children have at least one affected parent
doesn’t skip generations
equal # of affected males and females
unaffected parents dont produce affected children (other than by mutation)
autosomal dominant disorders
associated with the dominant allele
affected have Aa or AA genotype
just need one copy of the gene to be affected
autosomes vs sex chromosomes
chromosomes 1-22 are autosomes
if an allele of a gene on autosomes specify a trait, you can inherit those alleles from either parent
last pair of chromosomes #23 = sex chromosome
z-w chromosomal system
birds snakes butterflies and fish
z=male
z w=female
x-o chromosomal system
insects
x = male
xx= females
haploid-diploid chromosomal system
bees ants wasps
diploid = female (develop from a fertilized egg)
haploid= male
(develop from an unfertilized egg)
which sex chromosome determines sex of a human child
mainly sperm
sex linked genes
genes found on one sex-chromosome, but not the other one
many ___ cause diseases in humans
x-linked alleles
these diseases occur more frequently in male
^ only need one X to have the gene
x-linked recessive pedigree
more affected males than females
all sons of afffected females will be affected
affected daughters have affected fathers
can skip generations