Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Question 1

the act or processes whereby an individual or group is seen as sexual in nature or persons become aware of their sexuality

Answer 1

sexualization

Question 2

refers to the biological and anatomical differences between females and males

Answer 2

sex

Question 3

refer to the genitalia used in the reproductive process

Answer 3

primary sex characteristics

Question 4

refer to the physical traits that identify an individual’s sex

Answer 4

secondary sex characteristics

Question 5

an individual who is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not correspond to typical definitions of male or female; the person’s sexual differentiation is ambiguous

Answer 5

intersex person

Question 6

an individual whose gender identify does not match the person’s assigned sex

Answer 6

transgender person

Question 7

a male who dresses as a woman or a female who dresses as a man but does not alter his or her genitalia

Answer 7

crossdresser

Question 8

refers to an individual’s preference for emotional–sexual relationships with members of the different sex, the same sex, or both

Answer 8

sexual orientation

Question 9

the extreme prejudice and sometimes discriminatory actions directed at gays, lesbians, bisexuals, transgender persons, and others who are perceived as not being heterosexual

Answer 9

homophobia

Question 10

refers to the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with “femininity” and “masculinity”

Answer 10

gender

Question 11

refers to the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process

Answer 11

gender role

Question 12

a person’s perception of the self as female or male

Answer 12

gender identity

Question 13

how a person perceives and feels about his or her body

Answer 13

body consciousness

Question 14

legitimated by religion, science, law, and other societal values

Answer 14

gender belief system

Question 15

men and women are inherently different in attributes, behavior, and aspirations

Answer 15

gender stereotypes

Question 16

the subordination of one sex, usually female, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex

Answer 16

sexism

Question 17

a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men

Answer 17

patriarchy

Question 18

a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by women

Answer 18

matriarchy

Question 19

women had relative equality
economic characteristics included hunting game, gathering roots and berries

Answer 19

hunting-and-gathering society

Question 20

women’s status decreased moving into pastoralism
economic characteristics included planting crops, domestication of animals for food

Answer 20

horticultural and pastoral societies

Question 21

low status of women
economic characteristics included labor-intensive farming

Answer 21

agrarian societies

Question 22

low status of women
economic characteristics included mechanized production of goods

Answer 22

industrial societies

Question 23

women’s status varies by class, race, and age
economic characteristics included information and service economy

Answer 23

postindustrial societies

Question 24

consists of showing favoritism toward one gender over the other

Answer 24

gender bias

Question 25

the division of jobs into categories with distinct working conditions—results in women having separate and unequal jobs

Answer 25

labor market segmentation

Question 26

the disparity between women’s and men’s earnings

Answer 26

pay gap

Question 27

the believe that wages ought to reflect the worth of a job, not the gender or race of the worker

Answer 27

pay equity (comparable worth)

Question 28

• wages are higher in male-dominated jobs, occupations, and segments of the labor market, regardless of whether women take time for family duties
• in any job, women and people of color will be paid less

Answer 28

wage discrimination

Question 29

the belief that women and men are equal and should be valued equally and have equal rights

Answer 29

feminism