Education and Religion

Question 1

examines formal education and schooling in industrial societies

Answer 1

sociology of education

Question 2

focuses on religious groups and organizations, on the behavior of individuals within those groups, and on ways in which religion is intertwined with other social institutions

Answer 2

sociology of religion

Question 3

the social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure

Answer 3

education

Question 4

socialization, transmission of culture, social control, change and innovation

Answer 4

manifest functions

Question 5

restricting some activities, matchmaking, and production of social networks, creating a generation gap

Answer 5

latent function

Question 6

some analysists argue that US education is not promoting high-level skills in reading, writing, science, and mathematics that are needed in the workplace and economy

Answer 6

dysfunction

Question 7

refers to the social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture

Answer 7

cultural capital

Question 8

refers to the practice of assigning students to specific curriculum groups and courses based on their test scores, previous grades, or other criteria

Answer 8

tracking

Question 9

the transmission of cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, through implied demands found in the rules, routines, and regulations of schools

Answer 9

hidden curriculum

Question 10

a process of social selection in which class advantage and social status are linked to the possession of academic qualifications

Answer 10

credentialism

Question 11

a social institution composed of a unified system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals – based on some sacred or supernatural realm – that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community

Answer 11

religion

Question 12

refers to those aspects of life that are extraordinary or supernatural

Answer 12

sacred

Question 13

refers to the everyday, secular, or “worldly” aspects of life

Answer 13

profane

Question 14

belief that supernatural forces affect people’s lives either positively or negatively

Answer 14

simple supernaturalism

Question 15

belief that plants, animals, or other elements of the natural world are endowed with spirits or life forces having an effect on events in society

Answer 15

animism

Question 16

belief in a god or gods

Answer 16

theism

Question 17

belief in sacred principles of thought and conduct

Answer 17

transcendent idealism

Question 18

the process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in sectors of society and culture

Answer 18

secularization

Question 19

refers to the set of beliefs, rituals, and symbols that makes sacred the values of the society and places the nation in the context of the ultimate system of meaning

Answer 19

civil religion

Question 20

a religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culture that it claims as its membership all members of a society

Answer 20

ecclesia

Question 21

a large, bureaucratically organized religious organization that tends to seek accommodation with the larger society in order to maintain some degree of control over it

Answer 21

church

Question 22

a large, organized religion characterized by accommodation to society but frequently lacking in the ability or intention to dominate society

Answer 22

denomination

Question 23

a relatively small religious group that has broken away from another religious organization to renew what it views as the original version of the faith

Answer 23

sect

Question 24

a loosely organized religious group with practices and teaching outside the dominant cultural and religious traditions of a society

Answer 24

cult

Question 25

a traditional religious doctrine that is conservative, is typically opposed to modernity and rejects “worldly pleasures” in favor of otherworldly spirituality

Answer 25

fundamentalism