Education and Religion Flashcards
examines formal education and schooling in industrial societies
sociology of education
focuses on religious groups and organizations, on the behavior of individuals within those groups, and on ways in which religion is intertwined with other social institutions
sociology of religion
the social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure
education
socialization, transmission of culture, social control, change and innovation
manifest functions
restricting some activities, matchmaking, and production of social networks, creating a generation gap
latent function
some analysists argue that US education is not promoting high-level skills in reading, writing, science, and mathematics that are needed in the workplace and economy
dysfunction
refers to the social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture
cultural capital
refers to the practice of assigning students to specific curriculum groups and courses based on their test scores, previous grades, or other criteria
tracking
the transmission of cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, through implied demands found in the rules, routines, and regulations of schools
hidden curriculum
a process of social selection in which class advantage and social status are linked to the possession of academic qualifications
credentialism
a social institution composed of a unified system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals – based on some sacred or supernatural realm – that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community
religion
refers to those aspects of life that are extraordinary or supernatural
sacred
refers to the everyday, secular, or “worldly” aspects of life
profane
belief that supernatural forces affect people’s lives either positively or negatively
simple supernaturalism
belief that plants, animals, or other elements of the natural world are endowed with spirits or life forces having an effect on events in society
animism
belief in a god or gods
theism
belief in sacred principles of thought and conduct
transcendent idealism
the process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in sectors of society and culture
secularization
refers to the set of beliefs, rituals, and symbols that makes sacred the values of the society and places the nation in the context of the ultimate system of meaning
civil religion
a religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culture that it claims as its membership all members of a society
ecclesia
a large, bureaucratically organized religious organization that tends to seek accommodation with the larger society in order to maintain some degree of control over it
church
a large, organized religion characterized by accommodation to society but frequently lacking in the ability or intention to dominate society
denomination
a relatively small religious group that has broken away from another religious organization to renew what it views as the original version of the faith
sect
a loosely organized religious group with practices and teaching outside the dominant cultural and religious traditions of a society
cult
a traditional religious doctrine that is conservative, is typically opposed to modernity and rejects “worldly pleasures” in favor of otherworldly spirituality
fundamentalism
