Sex + Gender

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

Biological categorization, male/female, plus variants

Question 2

Gender

Answer 2

A socially constructed definition -gender isn’t something that we are born with

Question 3

History’s

Answer 3

Genesis - women was created from rib taken from Adam
Medical - women’s reproductive organs are imperfect male genitalia
Women is less than man

Question 4

Hippocrates

Answer 4

Women were disposed to excessive fluid bc of porosity of their body - therefor collected in high quantitities aka boobs

Question 5

Wonder uterus

Answer 5

Uterus drove women to hysteria -women were more inclined to overwhelming emotions than men

Question 6

Herophilus of Chalcedon (c330-260BC) - Greek physician

Answer 6

Human dissection, uterus does not “wander”, the female body is not inferior, he linked hysteria to postpartum fatigue

Question 7

Middle Ages

Answer 7

Hysteria was conflated and identified as signs of witchcraft

Question 8

Maria Peteoncini Ferretti

Answer 8

1788 - first remake surgeon in Florence

Question 9

Florence nightingale

Answer 9

1820-1910 - founded modern nursing

Question 10

Elizabeth Blackwell

Answer 10

1821-1910 - first women to get a MD degree from an American medical school

Question 11

Life expectancies

Answer 11

History - women live shorter life
Now women live longer

Question 12

Men life expectancies

Answer 12

Die 5 years younger than women

Question 13

Cause of death

Answer 13

Leading cause of death - risk nearly all the 10 leading causes of death (male > females)

Question 14

Why do females outlive males ?

Answer 14

Males have higher blood pressure, higher cholesterol, lower levels of HDL, obese, smoke more, risky behaviour, more accidents, job strain, social support, coping strategies (they don’t have them)

Question 15

Pink and blue gender

Answer 15

Until 1920 boys were pink and girl were blue then jeans and blue got associated with men and masculinity so the colour code switched

Question 16

Stereotypes

Answer 16

Men - strong, tough, invulnerable
Women - weak, delicate, vulnerable

Question 17

Systemic

Answer 17

Diseases of stomach, liver, lungs - sympathetic reactions to disorders of the womb
Tuberculosis - males : environmental, women : mental malfunction
Hysteria = uterus

Question 18

What is centenarian ?

Answer 18

someone who lives to be 100+

Question 19

Jeanne cleamont

Answer 19

Lives to be 122 ans 164 days - longevity attracted media attention and medical studies

Question 20

International comparisons (2011)

Answer 20

Canada - 17.4 centenarians per 100,000ppl
Japan - 37 per 100,000ppl
Russia - 4 per 100,000ppl
France, Italy and UK have higher rates than Canada

Question 21

Fountain of youth

Answer 21

A spring that supposedly restores the health of anyone who drinks or bathes in its water

Question 22

Factors to a long life’

Answer 22

1. Inherited genes or your own biology
2. Where you live
3. Choices you make

Question 23

Blue Zones

Answer 23

Michel Poulain and Giovanni Pres
An area characterized by extreme longevity in the Sardinia islands
Highest concentration of male centenarians

Question 24

What do ppl in blue zones do differently ?

Answer 24

Low level activity, plant diet, eat until you’re 80% full, intergenerational family, strong friendship culture, pause for nature 24 hours/once a week

Question 25

Siblings of centenarians

Answer 25

Potential genetic traits of longevity - siblings of centenarians also have a higher probability of surviving to exceptionally old age ( 95+)

Question 26

Other research

Answer 26

Genetic immunological differences, genetic influence on insulin regulation, calorie restricted diets (works in rodents),