History Of Health Flashcards
Medical model (20th century)
The body is a machine to be fixed when broken. (Advantages; resolves health problems, treating physical diseases)
Holistic model (WHO 1947)
‘’health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being”. Broadens the medical model. Too broad?
The wellness model (WHO 1986 ottawa charter)
‘’Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.’’
Early humans
Learned through trial and error, observed animal bathing, dlearndd good plants vs bad ones.
Early humans - magical spirits
Tried to rationalize why disease occurred, attributed disease or accidents to magical spirits. Magical spirits would punish people with disease.
Early efforts of public health
Minoans and my end and built drainage systems, toilets, flushing systems. 1600 BC - found things that describe surgery. Code of Hammurabi is the earliest public health record.
Chinese - 3000BC
Documented over 100 medical herbs and acupuncture.
Baby;onions - 2000Bc
Similar to Egyptians. Physicians are paid service.
Hindus - 1500 BC
Hospitals and nurses. Had many types of surgery. Sewers.
Hebrews - 1500 BC
First written hygienic code. Clean body. Protection against spread of contagious diseases,. Disposal of refuse and excretions.
Greeks - 1000-4000 BC
Balance on physics; and spiritual aspects of a person. Hippocrates; father of medicine, Hippocratic oath. Moved health care away from religion.
Romans - 500 BC - 500 AD
Drainage systems, water supplies, and public hospitals. Furthered Greek surgery studies. Claudius Galen 132-200AD.
Galens regime for health 131-200 AD
Galen’s daily regime for health ; Air, motion, rest, sleep and walking, diet, evacuation and retention, passions and emotion.
Middle Ages - fall of the Roman public health advancements
Sewage removal became difficult, fresh water lacked, hygiene practices fell to the wayside. Disease was sin. People turned to religion, magic and folklore to cure disease. Medicine study was forbidden.
Middle Ages - epidemic
Leprosy (facial disfiguration) . Bubonic plague (1347-1352). A third of European population died.
Renaissance (1500-1700)
Science re-emerges. Barbers are also surgeons and dentists. Gutenbergs printing press meant works for Hippocrates and Galen were distributed more widely. Antonie Van discovers microscope. The cause of disease was still mystery. Ppl lived till 40 ish.
Age of enlightenment (1700’s)
Revolution, industrialization and growth to cities. Disease - filth. Reason and intellect replaces religion in medical field. Limeys (giving sailors limes)
Edwin Chadwick’s reports
- Reported on deplorable living conditions of britains labouring class and worked to make a case that these conditions were causing disease and suffering. Called for a government intervention - formed the general board of health for England.
Louis Pasteur (milk man)
- Germ theory of disease. Discovered how microorganisms reproduce and developed the -pasteurization of mill.
Joseph lister
Developed methods of medical antiseptic. (carbolic acid)
John hunter
- First to use feeding tube into patient. Was huge for babies.
Edward Jenner (arm scar guy)
- First vax against small pox.
William Beaumont.
- Fully described the digestive system. Father of gastric physiology.
Mid 1800’s
Anaesthetics are beginning to be used for surgeries. Organ transplants are becoming successful.
