Sex Biology Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Adolescence
A
The period of physical and emotional change between puberty and adulthood.
2
Q
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
A
A set of conditions associated with the last stages of the HIV disease.
3
Q
Alveoli
A
Sacs inside the breasts that produce milk.
4
Q
Androgens
A
Certain hormones that stimulate male sexual development and secondary male sex characteristics. Most abundantly produced in the testicles but the ovaries of women produce small amounts of it. Most common Androgen is testosterone.
5
Q
Anus
A
The opening from the rectum from which solid waste leaves the body.
6
Q
Areola
A
The dark area surrounding the nipples of women and men.
7
Q
Balanitis
A
An inflammation of the glans and foreskin of the penis that can be caused by infections, irritations, drugs, or other factors.
8
Q
Bartholin’s Glands
A
Glands in the labia minora on each side of the opening to the vagina that provide lubrication during sexual excitement.
9
Q
Bimanual Exam
A
Physical examination of the internal reproductive organs of the pelvis.
10
Q
Biology
A
The scientific study of life.
11
Q
Bladder
A
The organ that collects and stores urine produced by the kidney. (It empties through the urethra)
12
Q
Breasts
A
Two glands on the chests of women. Men also have breast tissue. Breasts are considered sex organs because they are often sexually sensitive and may inspire sexual desire. They produce milk during and after pregnancy.
13
Q
Bubo
A
A swollen gland and sore caused by chancroid.
14
Q
Bacterial Vaginosis
A
An inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis), that is caused by a change in balance of vaginal bacteria.
15
Q
Candida
A
A type of yeast and the most common cause of vaginitis.
16
Q
Cerebral Cortex
A
The area of the brain associated with higher functions, including learning and perception.
17
Q
Cervix
A
The narrow lower part of the uterus (womb), with an opening connecting the uterus to the vagina.
18
Q
Chancroid
A
A sexually transmitted bacterium that causes open genital sores.
19
Q
Chlamydia
A
A common sexually transmitted organism that can cause sterility in women and men.
20
Q
Climacteric
A
The time of change that leads to menopause. The physiological midlife changes for men and women.
21
Q
Clinician
A
A qualified health care professional, such as a doctor, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant.
22
Q
Clitoral Hood
A
A small flap of skin that covers and protects the clitoris.
23
Q
Clitoris
A
The female sex organ that is very sensitive to the touch-located between the labia at the top of the vulva.
24
Q
Colposcope
A
A viewing instrument with a bright light and magnifying lens that is used to examine the vagina and cervix.
25
Conception
The moment when the pre-embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus and pregnancy begins. (Also used to describe the fertilization of the egg.)
26
Corpus Cavernosa
Two strips of tissue that lie on each side of the urethra in the penis. During sexual excitement, they fill with blood to create an erection.
27
Corpus Spongiosum
The tissue that surrounds the urethra inside the penis and is responsible, like the corpus cavernosa, for an erection; also, the type of tissue that forms the glans of the clitoris and the penis.
28
Cowper's Glands
The glands beneath the prostate gland that are attached to the urethra. They produce a substance that makes seminal fluid sticky.
29
Cremaster Reflex
An automatic response to stimulation (like cold temperature) in which the cremaster muscle pulls the scrotum and testes closer to the body.
30
Cryptochidism
The condition in which one or both of the testicles do not descend from the lower abdomen before puberty.
31
Cystitis
An infection of the bladder.
32
Cytomegalovirus
An infection that may be transmitted through sexual or intimate contact that may cause permanent disability, including hearing loss and mental retardation for infants and blindness and mental disorders for adults.
33
Douche
A spray of water or solution of medicine into the vagina.
34
Ectopic Pregnancy
A life-threatening pregnancy that develops outside the uterus often in fallopian tube.
35
Egg
The reproductive cell in a woman; the largest cell in the human body.
36
Embryo
The organism that develops from the pre-embryo and begins to share the woman's blood supply about nine days after fertilization.
37
Endometrium
The lining of the uterus that develops every month in order to nourish a fertilized egg. The lining is shed during menstruation if there is no fertilization.
38
Epididymis
The tube in which sperm mature. It is tightly coiled on top of and behind each testis.
39
Epididymitis
The inflammation of the epididymis.
40
Estrogen
A hormone commonly made in a woman's ovaries. Its major effects are seen during puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy.
41
Estrus
The period of fertility and sexual arousal in female animals.
42
External Sex and Reproductive Organs
The sex organs and structures on the outside of the body that are primarily used during sexual activity. These include the vulva of women and the penis and scrotum of men.
43
Fallopian tubes
One of two narrow tubes that carry the egg from the ovary to the uterus.
44
Feces
Solid waste that leaves the body through anus.
45
Fertilization
The Joining of an egg and sperm.
46
Fetal Alcohol Effects
Fetal abnormalities caused by alcohol during pregnancy. May not be as severe as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
47
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Fetal abnormalities affecting growth, the central nervous system, and facial features that are caused by women drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
48
Fetus
The organism that develops from the embryo at the end of about seven weeks of pregnancy and receives nourishment through the placenta.
49
Foreskin
A retracted tube of skin that covers and protects the glans of the penis.
50
Gamete
Reproductive cell (egg or sperm).
51
Genitals
External sex and reproductive organs (penis, scrotum-men) (vulva-women)(Sometimes internal reproductive organs).
52
Glans
The soft highly sensitive tip of the clitoris or penis.
53
Gonadotropins
Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland that trigger puberty by stimulating the gonads.
54
Gonads
The organs that produce reproductive cells (ovaries-women) (testes-men).
55
Gonorrhea
A sexually transmitted bacterium that can cause sterility, arthritis, and heart problems.
56
Gynecology
Sexual and reproductive care for women.
57
Gynecomastia
A usually temporary condition during puberty in which the breasts of boys become larger.
58
Hepatitis B Virus
An infection that can be sexually transmitted and may cause severe liver disease and death.
59
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
An infection that weakens the body's ability to fight disease and can cause AIDS.
60
Hormones
Chemicals that guide the changes in our bodies and influence how glands and organs work.
61
Human Papilloma Virus
Any of 90 different types of infection, some of which may cause genital warts, others may cause cancer of the cervix, vulva, or penis.
62
Herpes Simplex Virus
An infection that can be sexually transmitted and cause a recurring rash with clusters of blistery sores on the vagina, cervix, penis, mouth, anus, buttock, or elsewhere on the body.
63
Hymen
A thin fleshy tissue that stretched across part of the opening to the vagina.
64
Hypothalamus
A small area in the brain that regulates basic animal functions.
65
Implantation
The attachment of the pre-embryo to the lining of the uterus.
66
Internal Sex and Reproductive Organs
The organs inside the body that are responsible for producing, moving, and nourishing human reproductive cells. Also, called sex organs since they may respond to sexual stimulation.
67
Introitus
The tissue of the inner vulva that framed the opening to the vagina.
68
Jock Itch
A very common fungal skin infection in the genital area of men that is caused by wearing tight clothing, sweating, or not drying the genitals carefully after bathing. It can cause a reddish, scaly rash that can become inflamed, very itchy, and painful.
69
Labia Majora
The larger, outer lips of the vulva.
70
Labia Minora
The smaller, inner lips of the vulva.
71
Lactobacilli
Bacteria present in healthy vaginas of women. They help relieve vaginitis by limiting growth of candida, a yeast.
72
Leukorrhea
A white, sticky vagina discharge that is normal during adolescence.
73
Levonorgestrel
A synthetic progestin similar to the hormone progesterone, which is produced by the body to regulate the menstrual cycle.
74
Lobes
Groups of alveoli sacs in women's breasts.
75
Mammogram
X-ray photographs of the breasts that can detect cancerous tumors before they can be felt.
76
Menarche
Time of a girl's first menstruation.
77
Menopause
When menstruation stops; usually around ages 45-55.
78
Menstrual Cycle
The time from the first day of one period to the day of the next period.
79
Menstrual Flow
Blood, fluid, and tissue that are passed out of the uterus during the beginning of the menstrual cycle.
80
Menstruation
The flow of blood, fluid, and tissue out of the uterus and through the vagina that usually lasts from 3-5 days.
81
Milk Ducts
The passages in women's breasts through which milk flows from the alveoli to the nipple.
82
Molluscum Contagiosum
A virus that can be sexually transmitted, causing small, pinkish-white, waxy, round, polyp like growths in the genital area or on the thighs.
83
Nipple
The dark tissue in the center of the areola of each breast in women and men that can stand erect when stimulated by touch or cold. Female breasts produce milk.
84
Ovaries
The two organs that store eggs in a woman's body, ovaries also produce hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.
85
Ovulation
The time when an ovary releases an egg.
86
Pap Test
A procedure used to examine the cells of the cervix in order to detect infection and hormonal conditions. It can also detect precancerous and cancerous cells.
87
Pelvic Exam
Physical examination of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries-usually includes taking cervical cells for a pap test and a manual exam of the internal pelvic organs.
88
Pelvic Girdle
A bony and muscular structure inside a woman's body that supports her internal sex and reproductive organs.
89
Penis
A man's reproductive and sex organs that is formed of spongy tissue and fills with blood during sexual excitement. Urine, and seminal fluid pass through the penis.
90
Perimenopause
Period of change leading to menopause.
91
Period
Days during menstruation.
92
Peyronie's Disease
Rare condition caused by fibrous growths inside the penis.
93
Pheromones
Odors given off by animals that attract the other gender.
94
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
An infection of a woman's internal reproductive system that can lead to sterility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pain. Often caused by UTIs like gonorrhea and chlamydia.
95
Pre-Ejaculate
The liquid that oozes out of the penis during sexual excitement before ejaculations produced by cowper's glands.
96
Pre-Embryo
The ball of cells that develops from the fertilized egg until after about nine days, when it attached to the lining of the uterus and the embryo is formed.
97
Priapism
A continuous partial erection without sexual stimulation that is caused by dysfunctional blood flow into the corpus cavernosa.
98
Primary Sex Characteristics
The body organs and reproductive structures and functions that differ between women and men. The differences include the external and internal sex and reproductive organs. (A woman's ability to produce eggs and men's ability to produce sperm).
99
Progesterone
A hormone produced in the ovaries of women that is important in puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy.
100
Progestin
A synthetic progesterone.
101
Prophylactic
A device used to prevent infection or diseases.
102
Prostate
An internal reproductive organ below the bladder that produces a fluid that helps sperm move.
103
Prostatitist
An enlargement and inflammation of the prostate gland that results in a dull persistent pain in the lower back, testes, scrotum, and glans of the penis. There may also be a thin mucus discharge from the glans of the penis, especially in the morning.
104
Puberty
When girl and boys are becoming men & women. (Women grow breasts/menstruation) (Boys grow facial hair/ejaculation).
105
Public Hair
Hair that grows in the genital area of women and men.
106
Pubic Lice
Tiny insects that can be sexually transmitted. They live in pubic hair and can cause itching in the genitals or anus.
107
Rectovaginal Exam
Physical examination of the reproductive organs and the tissues that separate the vagina and rectum.
108
Rectum
The lowest end of the intestine before the anus, where solid waste is stored.
109
Refractory Period
The time after ejaculation during which a man is not able to have an erection.
110
Reproductive Cell
The unique cell (women eggs) (men sperm) that can join with its opposite to make reproduction possible.
111
Rut
The period of sexual arousal in male animals that is a response to estrus.
112
Sanitary Pad
An absorbent "napkin" made of cotton or similar fibers that is worn against the vulva to absorb menstrual flow.
113
Scabies
Tiny Mites that can be sexually transmitted. They burrow under the skin, causing intense itching-usually at night-and small bumps or rashes that appear in dirty-looking, small curing lines, especially on the penis, between the fingers, on the buttocks, breasts, wrists, and thighs, around the navel.
114
Scrotum
A sac of skin, divided into two parts, enclosing the testes, epididymites, and a part of the vasa deferentia.
115
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Characteristics of the body that are caused by hormones, develop during puberty, and last through adult life. (Women-breasts, widened hips) (Men-facial hair) (Both-pubic hair/underarm hair)
116
Semen
Fluid containing sperm that is ejaculated during sexual excitement. Semen composed of seminal fluid from the seminal vesicles, fluid from the prostate, and fluid from the Cowper's glands.
117
Seminal Fluid
One of two small organs located beneath the bladder that produce seminal fluid.
118
Seminal Vesicle
One of two small organs located beneath the bladder that produce seminal fluid.
119
Seminiferous Tubules
A network of tiny tubules in the testes that constantly produce sperm. The also produce androgens, the "male" sex hormones.
120
Sex Cell
Reproductive cell
121
Sexually Transmitted Infection
Infection that are often or usually passed from one person to another during sexual or intimate contact.
122
Shaft
A part of the penis and clitoris
123
Smegma
A sticky, white, unpleasant smelling substance produced at the glans of the penis. It is formed by bacteria and body oils.
124
Somatotropin
The human growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
125
Speculum
A plastic or metal instrument used to separate the walls of the vagina so the clinician can examine the vagina and cervix.
126
Speculum Exam
Physical examination of the walls of the vagina and cervix that is accomplished by using a speculum.
127
Sperm
The reproductive cells in men, produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
128
Spermarche
The time when sperm is first produced by the testes of a boy.
129
Spermatogenesis
The process of producing sperm, happens in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
130
Spirochetes
Organism that causes syphilis.
131
Sexually Transmitted Disease
A sexually transmitted infection that has developed symptoms.
132
Syphilis
A sexually transmitted organism that can lead to disfigurement, neurological disorder, and death.
133
Tampon
A firm roll of absorbent cotton or other fiber that is worn inside the vagina to absorb menstrual flow.
134
Testes
Two ball like glands inside the scrotum that produce sperm.
135
Testicle
The testes
136
Testosterone
An androgen that is produced in the testes of men and in smaller amounts in ovaries
137
Thelarche
Time when a girl's breasts begin to develop
138
Toxic Shock Syndrome
A rare but very dangerous overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina. Symptoms include vomiting, high fever, diarrhea, and a sunburn type rash.
139
Ureters
The two tubes that lead from the kidneys to the bladder.
140
Urethra
The tube and opening from which women and men urinate.
141
Uterus
The pear shaped, muscular reproductive organ from which women menstruate and where normal pregnancy develops.
142
UTI
A bacterial infection of the bladder, the ureters, or the urethra
143
Vagina
Stretchable passage that connects a woman's outer sex organ, the vulva, with the cervix and uterus.
144
Vaginitis
An inflammation of the vagina that is caused by a change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria
145
Varicocele
An enlargement of the spermatic vein, which supplies blood to the testis. It can reduce blood flow and increase the temperature of the testicle, thereby causing infertility.
146
Vas Deferens
A long, narrow tube that carries sperm from each epididymis to the seminal vesicles.
147
Vereologist
One who studies sexually transmitted infections.
148
Vulva
A woman's external sex organs, including the clitoris, the labia (Majora&Minora), the opening to the vagina (introitus), and two Bartholin glands.
