Sex And Gender Flashcards
Gender
The psychological and cultural aspects of maleness and femaleness.
Sex
The biological aspects of our individual.
E.G A child’s sex is identified at birth by its genitals.
Sex identity
The biological status of being a male or female.
Gender identity
Our sense of being a female or male.
Subconscious
All psychological problems are rooted in past experience mostly childhood.
ID
Containing our basic instincts and drives is present at birth.
Ego
Develops at age 3, we begin to understand what we cannot always have what we want. We begin to find realistic and safe ways to satisfy our desires.
Super Ego
Develops at age 6 and is the moral part of our personality. It is concerned with the right and wrong behaviour.
Displacement
Transferring our negative feelings towards something that will not harm us.
Sublimation
Challenging negative energies into an acceptable activity.
Identification
Adopting and internalising the ideas and behaviours of another person.
Retrospective Data
Data obtained from a person’s memories.
Counterbalancing
Any experimental design in which subjects receive all treatment, but in different orders.
Oedipus Complex
Happening in the subconscious, when a son has an unaware sexual desire for his mother however has castration anxiety from his father, and copy’s dad for identification and his gender identity.
Electra Complex
When a daughter has an unaware sexual desire for her father and has penis envy, however knowing that she cannot have one, she focus on wanting a baby. The girl represses her feelings of blaming her mother and finds her gender identity of taking the female gender role.
Psychosexual stages of development
Oral 0 - 2 age Anal 2 - 3 age Phallic 3 - 7 age Latency 7 - 11 age Genital 11 - Adult
Social learning theory
Modelling
A role model gives an example for the child to copy.
Social learning theory
Imitation
The child copies the role model.
Social learning theory
Reinforcement
Learning is rewarded if it is good or punished if it is bad.
Social learning theory
Vicarious Reinforcement
Watching someone else being rewarded.
Gender Schema
A Schema can be strengthened or changed as a result of experience.
Gender Labelling
Age 3 years
Realisation that boys and girls are different.
Gender Stability
Age 3 - 5
They know boys will become men and girls will become women.
Gender Constancy
Age 6+ years
They use their Schemas to adopt the gender identity of a male or female.
