Research Methods Flashcards

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0
Q

Random Sampling

A

Pulling names from a hat or using random number tables gives everyone an equal chance.
Removes research bias, experimenter cannot choose and fair.

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1
Q

Hypothesis

A

A predicted outcome. This includes the independent and dependent variables

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2
Q

Opportunity Sampling

A

Selecting whoever is there at the time. E.G market researchers who stop people when shopping.
Quick and researcher bias.

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3
Q

Systematic Sampling

A

Going down a list and selecting every nth person. Stop when reached representative sample size. E.G every 10th person does jumping jack’s. Simple to use, no equal chance.

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4
Q

Stratified a Sampling

A

This is taking a sample from each of the “strata” or layers of the population.
Complex and time consuming.
Very representative of the target population.

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5
Q

Volunteer Sampling

A

People sign up to take part.

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6
Q

Ethical consideration

A

Rules or conduct which are there to protect participants from harm.

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7
Q

Consent

A

Giving permission.

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8
Q

Informed consent

A

Giving permission knowing what will happen.

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9
Q

Deception

A

Lying and using actors to fool participants.

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10
Q

Right to withdraw

A

Can leave the experiment at any time.

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11
Q

Right to withdraw results

A

Can choose to have all experimental data taken out of the report.

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12
Q

Confidentiality

A

Privacy

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13
Q

Protection from Harm

A

Keeping safe from physical or psychological danger or pain.

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14
Q

Debriefing

A

An explanation afterwards to explain the true purpose of the experiment.

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15
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable you change.

16
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable you measure.

17
Q

Independent groups

A

When participants go through one condition.

18
Q

Repeated measures

A

When the same participants take part in all conditions in an experiment.

19
Q

Matched pairs

A

Participants that are tested share one characteristic.

20
Q

Order effect

A

It occurs when participants take part in a series of experiments or conditions.

21
Q

Participant variables

A

A participant that cannot be controlled.

22
Q

Adv & Dis of Independent groups

A

Adv - Would not get bored.

Dis - The differences between groups will effect the results.

23
Q

Adv & Dis of Repeated measures

A

Adv - Few participants are needed.

Dis - If participants find out the hypothesis, it may change their behaviour.

24
Q

Adv & Dis of Matched pairs

A

Adv - Reduces participants variables.

Dis - Time consuming because you have to match individual people based on one characteristic.

25
Q

Counterbalancing

A

Change the sequence of the procedure for each participants.

26
Q

Random allocation

A

The experiment does not decide who goes in the control group and change variable group to reduce bias.

27
Q

Standardised procedure

A

Unbiased.
Treat everyone equally.
Accuracy of results.

28
Q

Randomisation

A

Everything is placed in a random order to reduce bias.

29
Q

Sample

A

A group of people who take part in the investigation.

30
Q

Target population

A

Total group of individuals which the sample might be drawn.

31
Q

Representative

A

A sample that represents a population.

32
Q

Generalised

A

We can apply the findings of our research to the target population.