Research Methods

Question 0

Random Sampling

Answer 0

Pulling names from a hat or using random number tables gives everyone an equal chance.
Removes research bias, experimenter cannot choose and fair.

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

A predicted outcome. This includes the independent and dependent variables

Question 2

Opportunity Sampling

Answer 2

Selecting whoever is there at the time. E.G market researchers who stop people when shopping.
Quick and researcher bias.

Question 3

Systematic Sampling

Answer 3

Going down a list and selecting every nth person. Stop when reached representative sample size. E.G every 10th person does jumping jack’s. Simple to use, no equal chance.

Question 4

Stratified a Sampling

Answer 4

This is taking a sample from each of the “strata” or layers of the population.
Complex and time consuming.
Very representative of the target population.

Question 5

Volunteer Sampling

Answer 5

People sign up to take part.

Question 6

Ethical consideration

Answer 6

Rules or conduct which are there to protect participants from harm.

Question 7

Consent

Answer 7

Giving permission.

Question 8

Informed consent

Answer 8

Giving permission knowing what will happen.

Question 9

Deception

Answer 9

Lying and using actors to fool participants.

Question 10

Right to withdraw

Answer 10

Can leave the experiment at any time.

Question 11

Right to withdraw results

Answer 11

Can choose to have all experimental data taken out of the report.

Question 12

Confidentiality

Answer 12

Privacy

Question 13

Protection from Harm

Answer 13

Keeping safe from physical or psychological danger or pain.

Question 14

Debriefing

Answer 14

An explanation afterwards to explain the true purpose of the experiment.

Question 15

Independent variable

Answer 15

The variable you change.

Question 16

Dependent variable

Answer 16

The variable you measure.

Question 17

Independent groups

Answer 17

When participants go through one condition.

Question 18

Repeated measures

Answer 18

When the same participants take part in all conditions in an experiment.

Question 19

Matched pairs

Answer 19

Participants that are tested share one characteristic.

Question 20

Order effect

Answer 20

It occurs when participants take part in a series of experiments or conditions.

Question 21

Participant variables

Answer 21

A participant that cannot be controlled.

Question 22

Adv & Dis of Independent groups

Answer 22

Adv - Would not get bored.

Dis - The differences between groups will effect the results.

Question 23

Adv & Dis of Repeated measures

Answer 23

Adv - Few participants are needed.

Dis - If participants find out the hypothesis, it may change their behaviour.

Question 24

Adv & Dis of Matched pairs

Answer 24

Adv - Reduces participants variables. | Dis - Time consuming because you have to match individual people based on one characteristic.

Question 25

Counterbalancing

Answer 25

Change the sequence of the procedure for each participants.

Question 26

Random allocation

Answer 26

The experiment does not decide who goes in the control group and change variable group to reduce bias.

Question 27

Standardised procedure

Answer 27

Unbiased. Treat everyone equally. Accuracy of results.

Question 28

Randomisation

Answer 28

Everything is placed in a random order to reduce bias.

Question 29

Sample

Answer 29

A group of people who take part in the investigation.

Question 30

Target population

Answer 30

Total group of individuals which the sample might be drawn.

Question 31

Representative

Answer 31

A sample that represents a population.

Question 32

Generalised

Answer 32

We can apply the findings of our research to the target population.