Sewage Management Flashcards
is waste water from a
community, containing solid and liquid excreta, derived
from houses, street and yard washings, factories and
industries. I
Sewage or black water
The pipes through which sewage flows are known as
and the network of such pipes is known as
sewerage
sewers
The health hazards of improper excreta management are
- Soil pollution
- Water pollution
- Contamination of foods and
- Propagation of flies.
most important way to break fecal-borne disease life cycle
Segregation of faeces (Sanitation
barrier)-through sanitary disposal
of faeces,
Methods of excreta disposal can be
divided into two
. Methods applicable to unsewered
areas
2. Methods applicable to sewered areas
Methods of excreta disposal applicable to unsewered
area
-Service and non service types
.Non-Service Type
a) Open defecation
b) Shallow pit
c) Overhung latrine
d) Sanitary latrines-Bore hole latrine, Dug well or pit latrine (Simple pit latrine,
Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine), Septic tank and soakaway pit, Water-seal
type of latrine, Aqua privy
e) Latrines suitable for camps and temporary use
a)Chemical closet
b)Shallow trench latrine
c) Deep trench latrine
Service Type (Conservancy System )
Bucket or Pail Latrines
Methods of excreta disposal
applicable to sewered area
- Water carriage system and sewage treatment
- Other methods of sewage disposal
a) Sea outfall
b) River outfall
c) Sewage Farming / Land Treatment
d) Oxidation Ponds
e) Oxidation Ditches
f) Aerated lagoons
The collection and removal of nightsoil from bucket or pail
latrines by human agency is called-, and the latrines are called -
❖ The nightsoil is transported in - to the place of
final disposal, where it is disposed of by - and -
❖ Service latrines are a source of filth and insanitation.
❖ They have all the drawbacks and faults which tend to
perpetuate the cycle of faecal-borne diseases in the
community.
❖ The nightsoil is exposed to flies; there is always -
service type or
conservancy system
[15/11, 9:14 pm] Torikems: “nightsoil carts”
[15/11, 9:14 pm] Torikems: (i) composting or (ii)
burial in shallow trenches.
[15/11, 9:15 pm] Torikems: cycle of faecal-borne diseases
[15/11, 9:15 pm] Torikems: possibility of water and soil pollution.
[15/11, 9:16 pm] Torikems: corrosion and require
frequent replacement
SHALLOW PIT People working on farms may dig a small hole each time they
defecate and then cover the excreta with soil.
❖This is sometimes known as the -
❖Pits about - may be used for several weeks.
❖Excavated soil is heaped beside the pit and some is put over
the excreta after use.
CAT method
300mm deep
Bore hole latrine
➢The latrine consists of a
circular hole - in
diameter dug vertically into
the ground to a depth of -, most commonly 6m.
➢ A concrete squatting
plate with a - is
placed over the hole.
➢A suitable enclosure is
put up to provide privacy
[15/11, 9:29 pm] Torikems: 30cm to 40cm 4m to 8m most commonly 6m
[15/11, 9:30 pm] Torikems: central opening and foot rests
Simple pit latrine
➢ A circular pit about -
is dug into the ground for reception of the nightsoil.
➢ The pit may be lined with-
➢ A concrete squatting plate is placed on top of the pit, and
the latrine is -
75cm in diameter and 3 to 3.5 m deep pottery rings to prevent caving in
of the soil enclosed with a superstructure
Sanitary latrines
❑Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine (1) The concrete squatting plate must have openings for the
squatting chute and the vent pipe.
Septic tank and soakaway pit
❖Septic tank is - into which
household sewage is stored.
❖A soakaway is a system comprised of a hole dug in the
ground and filled with - and - stones This allows
surface water that would - to soak
back down into the earth
[15/11, 9:41 pm] Torikems: water-tight masonry tank rubble and coarse stones otherwise begin to pool
[15/11, 9:46 pm] Torikems: Latrines suitable for camps and temporary use includes:
[15/11, 9:47 pm] Torikems: -Chemical closet -shallow treanch latrines -deep trench latrines
