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Endo/Repro: Week 3 > Severson: Normal and Abnormal Renal Development > Flashcards

Severson: Normal and Abnormal Renal Development Flashcards

1
Q

What gives rise to the UROGENITAL system (ridge)?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What gives rise to the URINARY system?

A

nephrogeneic cord/ridge

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3
Q

What gives rise to the GENITAL system?

A

gonadal/genital ridge

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4
Q

What are the developmental phases of the urinary system?

A
  1. Pronephric phase (FOREkidney)
  2. Mesonephric phase (MIDkidney)
  3. Metanephric phase (HINDkidney)
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5
Q

What gives rise to the PRONEPHRIC DUCT and grows caudally to open into the CLOACA?

A

Pronephros

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6
Q

What happens during the mesonephric phase?

A

PRNEPHRIC DUCT becomes the MESONEPHRIC (WOLFFIAN) DUCT

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7
Q

What gives rise to the MESONEPHRIC TUBULES?

A

mesonephros

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8
Q

What do the MESONEPHRIC TUBULES become?

A

efferent ducutles of hte male testis

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9
Q

What does the mesonephric duct become in the male?

A

ductus deferens

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10
Q

What does the mesonephric duct become in BOTH males and females?

A

ureteric bud

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11
Q

What does the ureteric bud grow into and eventually form?

A

The ureteric bud grows into the INTERMEDIATE MESODERM and initiates formation of the DEFINITIVE KIDNEY (aka the METANEPHROS)

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12
Q

What gives rise to the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts?

A

ureteric bud

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13
Q

What does a nephron (metanephric tubule) consist of?

A

renal capsule, proximal tubule, loop of henle and distal tubule

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14
Q

What part of the mesoderm does the nephron arise form? What is it induced by?

A

INTERMEDIATE

arched collecting duct

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15
Q

What forms the glomerulus?

A

ENDOTHELIAL CELLS growing into the renal capsule

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16
Q

What do the uriniferous tubules consist of?

A

nephrons and collecting ducts (develop from different sources!)

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17
Q

Describe the location of the metanephric kidneys.

A

Initially located deep in the PELVIC REGION but migrate to the ABDOMINAL REGION

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18
Q

What causes the migration of the metanephric kidneys?

A

rapid growth of hte CAUDAL EMBRYO that gives the kidney an appearance of “ascent”

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19
Q

Why is it possible that more than one renal artery may be present in the metanephric kidney?

A

the adult kidney consists of five vascular lobes that are originally supplied by segmental vessels

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20
Q

What causes renal agenesis?

A

failure of URETERIC BUD and METANEPHRIC MESODERM to interact

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21
Q

Who does renal agenesis usually affect?

A

UNILATERAL on the LEFT

1/1000 M

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22
Q

What should be suspected in infants w/ SINGLE UMBILICAL ARTERY?

A

renal agenesis

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23
Q

Bilateral renal agenesis causes…

A

death

24
Q

What causes a duplicated or branched ureter?

A

bifuraction of the ureteric bud

25
Q

What is an ectopic ureter?

A

when the ureter enters a urogenital sinus at some site OTHER than the dorsolateral wall of hte urinary bladder

26
Q

What causes supernumerary kidney?

A

division of the ureteric bud and its interactions with areas of hte metanephric mesoderm

27
Q

What happens if the metanephric mesoderm is fused?

A

pelvic kidney fails to migrate from the pelvis

28
Q

What is a crossed ectopic kidney?

A

when the kidney migrates to the opposite side and the two kidneys probably fuse

29
Q

What is a horseshoe kidney?

A

when two kidneys fuse at their inferior poles and their migration from the pelvis is BLOCKED by the IMA

30
Q

What causes multiple renal arteries?

A

segmental blood supply during development (multiple in 25% of people)

31
Q

What is multicystic dysplastic kidney disease?

A

kidney cysts occur d/t abnormal dilations of hte nephrons (usually thin segments)

32
Q

What divides the CLOACA into the rectum and urogenital sinu?

A

urorectal septum

33
Q

What is the urogenital sinus continuous with?

A

allantois

34
Q

What forms the urinary bladder nad is continuous w/ the allantois?

A

VESICLE PART of the urogenital sinus

35
Q

What forms URACHUS and later becomes the MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT

A

allantois

36
Q

What part of the urogenital sinus becomes the BLADDER NECK and PROSTATIC URETHRA in the male and the ENTIRE URETHRA in the female?

A

pelvic part

37
Q

What happens to the phallic/spongy part of the urogenital sinus?

A

it grows toward the genital tubercle

38
Q

Where does the urorectal septum come in close contact w/ the cloacal membrane?

A

perineal body

39
Q

What forms the trigone of the bladder?

A

The MESONEPHRIC DUCT is incorporated into the posterior wall of the developing urinary bladder resulting in the trigone of the bladder

40
Q

Where does the epithelium of the bladder come from?

A

endoderm of the urogenital sinus

41
Q

What is the origin of the proximal male urethra?

A

urogenital sinus

42
Q

What is the origin of the distal male urethra?

A

ectodermal cord

43
Q

What is the origin of the female urethra?

A

urogenital sinus

44
Q

What is the CT and sm musc of the urinary bladder derived from?

A

splanchnic (visceral) mesenchyme

45
Q

What is exstrophy of the bladder?

A

a bladder that opens onto the anterior abdominal wall

46
Q

What causes exstrophy of the bladder?

A

failure of mesenchymal cells to migrate between ectoderm of the abdomen and cloaca during the 4th week>
anterior wall mesoderm degenerates>
exposes interior of the bladder

47
Q

What causes megacystis?

A

the prescence of a POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVE that blocks the flow of urine from the bladder

48
Q

Where is megacystitis usually located?

A

in the area where the ejaculatory ducts enter the prostatic urethra

49
Q

Blockage of urine outflow from megacystitis could lead to…

A

renal failure

pulmonary hypoplasia d/t uterine wall pressure on developing thorax

50
Q

What is the origin of hte adrenocortical primordia?

A

CRANIAL part of the urogenital ridge

51
Q

What does the adrenal cortex develop from?

A

mesothelial cells (mesoderm) from the posterior abdominal wall between the root of the dorsal mesentery and developing gonad

52
Q

What is the largest part of the fetal adrenal gland that regresses during the first year after birth?

A

fetal cortex

53
Q

What develops later in the developmental period from mesenchymal cells and replaces the fetal cortex?

A

permanent cortex

54
Q

What is the origin of the adrenal medulla?

A

NCC

55
Q

What innervates the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla? What do these nerves secrete?

A

PREganglionic nerve fibers that release EPI

Endo/Repro: Week 3 (5 decks)

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