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Endo/Repro: Week 3 > Severson: Normal and Abnormal Renal Development > Flashcards

Severson: Normal and Abnormal Renal Development Flashcards

1
Q

What gives rise to the UROGENITAL system (ridge)?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What gives rise to the URINARY system?

A

nephrogeneic cord/ridge

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3
Q

What gives rise to the GENITAL system?

A

gonadal/genital ridge

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4
Q

What are the developmental phases of the urinary system?

A
  1. Pronephric phase (FOREkidney)
  2. Mesonephric phase (MIDkidney)
  3. Metanephric phase (HINDkidney)
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5
Q

What gives rise to the PRONEPHRIC DUCT and grows caudally to open into the CLOACA?

A

Pronephros

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6
Q

What happens during the mesonephric phase?

A

PRNEPHRIC DUCT becomes the MESONEPHRIC (WOLFFIAN) DUCT

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7
Q

What gives rise to the MESONEPHRIC TUBULES?

A

mesonephros

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8
Q

What do the MESONEPHRIC TUBULES become?

A

efferent ducutles of hte male testis

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9
Q

What does the mesonephric duct become in the male?

A

ductus deferens

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10
Q

What does the mesonephric duct become in BOTH males and females?

A

ureteric bud

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11
Q

What does the ureteric bud grow into and eventually form?

A

The ureteric bud grows into the INTERMEDIATE MESODERM and initiates formation of the DEFINITIVE KIDNEY (aka the METANEPHROS)

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12
Q

What gives rise to the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts?

A

ureteric bud

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13
Q

What does a nephron (metanephric tubule) consist of?

A

renal capsule, proximal tubule, loop of henle and distal tubule

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14
Q

What part of the mesoderm does the nephron arise form? What is it induced by?

A

INTERMEDIATE

arched collecting duct

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15
Q

What forms the glomerulus?

A

ENDOTHELIAL CELLS growing into the renal capsule

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16
Q

What do the uriniferous tubules consist of?

A

nephrons and collecting ducts (develop from different sources!)

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17
Q

Describe the location of the metanephric kidneys.

A

Initially located deep in the PELVIC REGION but migrate to the ABDOMINAL REGION

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18
Q

What causes the migration of the metanephric kidneys?

A

rapid growth of hte CAUDAL EMBRYO that gives the kidney an appearance of “ascent”

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19
Q

Why is it possible that more than one renal artery may be present in the metanephric kidney?

A

the adult kidney consists of five vascular lobes that are originally supplied by segmental vessels

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20
Q

What causes renal agenesis?

A

failure of URETERIC BUD and METANEPHRIC MESODERM to interact

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21
Q

Who does renal agenesis usually affect?

A

UNILATERAL on the LEFT

1/1000 M

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22
Q

What should be suspected in infants w/ SINGLE UMBILICAL ARTERY?

A

renal agenesis

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23
Q

Bilateral renal agenesis causes…

24
Q

What causes a duplicated or branched ureter?

A

bifuraction of the ureteric bud

25
What is an ectopic ureter?
when the ureter enters a urogenital sinus at some site OTHER than the dorsolateral wall of hte urinary bladder
26
What causes supernumerary kidney?
division of the ureteric bud and its interactions with areas of hte metanephric mesoderm
27
What happens if the metanephric mesoderm is fused?
pelvic kidney fails to migrate from the pelvis
28
What is a crossed ectopic kidney?
when the kidney migrates to the opposite side and the two kidneys probably fuse
29
What is a horseshoe kidney?
when two kidneys fuse at their inferior poles and their migration from the pelvis is BLOCKED by the IMA
30
What causes multiple renal arteries?
segmental blood supply during development (multiple in 25% of people)
31
What is multicystic dysplastic kidney disease?
kidney cysts occur d/t abnormal dilations of hte nephrons (usually thin segments)
32
What divides the CLOACA into the rectum and urogenital sinu?
urorectal septum
33
What is the urogenital sinus continuous with?
allantois
34
What forms the urinary bladder nad is continuous w/ the allantois?
VESICLE PART of the urogenital sinus
35
What forms URACHUS and later becomes the MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT
allantois
36
What part of the urogenital sinus becomes the BLADDER NECK and PROSTATIC URETHRA in the male and the ENTIRE URETHRA in the female?
pelvic part
37
What happens to the phallic/spongy part of the urogenital sinus?
it grows toward the genital tubercle
38
Where does the urorectal septum come in close contact w/ the cloacal membrane?
perineal body
39
What forms the trigone of the bladder?
The MESONEPHRIC DUCT is incorporated into the posterior wall of the developing urinary bladder resulting in the trigone of the bladder
40
Where does the epithelium of the bladder come from?
endoderm of the urogenital sinus
41
What is the origin of the proximal male urethra?
urogenital sinus
42
What is the origin of the distal male urethra?
ectodermal cord
43
What is the origin of the female urethra?
urogenital sinus
44
What is the CT and sm musc of the urinary bladder derived from?
splanchnic (visceral) mesenchyme
45
What is exstrophy of the bladder?
a bladder that opens onto the anterior abdominal wall
46
What causes exstrophy of the bladder?
failure of mesenchymal cells to migrate between ectoderm of the abdomen and cloaca during the 4th week> anterior wall mesoderm degenerates> exposes interior of the bladder
47
What causes megacystis?
the prescence of a POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVE that blocks the flow of urine from the bladder
48
Where is megacystitis usually located?
in the area where the ejaculatory ducts enter the prostatic urethra
49
Blockage of urine outflow from megacystitis could lead to...
renal failure | pulmonary hypoplasia d/t uterine wall pressure on developing thorax
50
What is the origin of hte adrenocortical primordia?
CRANIAL part of the urogenital ridge
51
What does the adrenal cortex develop from?
mesothelial cells (mesoderm) from the posterior abdominal wall between the root of the dorsal mesentery and developing gonad
52
What is the largest part of the fetal adrenal gland that regresses during the first year after birth?
fetal cortex
53
What develops later in the developmental period from mesenchymal cells and replaces the fetal cortex?
permanent cortex
54
What is the origin of the adrenal medulla?
NCC
55
What innervates the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla? What do these nerves secrete?
PREganglionic nerve fibers that release EPI

Endo/Repro: Week 3 (5 decks)

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