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Endo/Repro: Week 3 > Downing: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Downing: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major exocrine function of the testis?

A

production of spermatozoa

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2
Q

What are the major endocrine fxns of the testis?

A

production of androgens (testosterone) from the interstitial cells of leydig

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3
Q

What is the fxn of the scrotum?

A

thermoregulator

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4
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

Dense fibrous capsule that divides the testis into LOBULES

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5
Q

What forms the mediastinum of the testis?

A

thickened portion of hte posterior aspect of the testis

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6
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

A serous sac that surrounds the anterior and lateral portions of the testis that is derived from the peritoneum.

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7
Q

What are hte two layers of hte tunica vaginalis?

A

viseral- adheres to the tunica albuginea

parietal- lines inner surface of scrotum

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8
Q

What is contained in the lobules of the testis?

A

seminiferous tubules

cells of leydig (secrete testosterone)

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9
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules connect with?

A

tubule recti

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10
Q

What are the two types of cells found in the seminiferous tubules?

A

supporting cells

germ cells

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11
Q

what is spermatogenesis?

A

spermatogonia (diploid)> spermatoza (haploid) (temp sensitive)

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12
Q

What are the three classes of spermatogonia?

A
  1. Dark type A= reserve stem cells
  2. Pale type A= renewing stem cells
  3. Type B= differentiating progenitors
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13
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary spermatocytes?

A

Primary: largest germ cells, enter Meiosis I, 22 days in cycle

Secondary: 2N, short existence, rapidly enter Meiosis II (rarely seen on histological sections)

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14
Q

What are spermatids?

A

haploid progeny of mitotic divisions (nucleus condense and they migrate to lumen)

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15
Q

What is spermiogenesis?

A

maturation of spermatids to spermatoza

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16
Q

What are the 4 phases of spermiogenesis?

A

golgi
cap
acrosomal
maturation

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17
Q

What happens in the golgi phase?

A

onset of acrosome formation

axonenme assembly

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18
Q

What do sertoli cells look like?

A

extend from basement membrane to lumen
elongated nucleus
form a blood testis barrier and defines the basal vs adluminal compartments

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19
Q

Describe germ cell migration between sertoli cells.

A

B type spermatogonia traverse zonula occludens as they enter meiosis I>
cells nestle in pockets w/in a given sertoli>
progressive maturation occurs in adluminal compartment

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20
Q

What do FSH receptors in sertoli cells stimulate?

A

ABP> concentrates testosterone

Inhibitn> limits FSH production

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21
Q

What are the fxns of sertoli cells?

A

germ cell nutrition
transport of maturing germ cells to lumen
production/regulation of testicular fluid content

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22
Q

What lies between the seminiferous tubules?

A

interstitial tissue

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23
Q

What type of cells are located in the interstitial tissue?

A

Leydig cells> extensive sER> secretes testosterone

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24
Q

What are fertility and secondary sex characteristics dependent on?

A

androgens

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25
Q

Where does LH (ICSH) act?

A

receptors on Leydig cells>
stimulates androgen ouput>

feedback inhibits GnRH

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26
Q

Where does FSH act?

A

Receptors on Sertoli cells>
ABP>
promotes HIGH androgen levels in seminiferous tubule

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27
Q

What inhibits FSH production?

A

inhibin

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28
Q

Are leydig cells temperature sensitive?

A

NO

*cryptorchidism (undescended testes) has NO effect on androgen output

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29
Q

What do the tubuli recti do?

A

very short straight tubules that connect the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis

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30
Q

Epithelium of tulbui recti?

A

simple columnar

31
Q

What is the rete testis?

A

a labyrinthine plexus of epithelial channels in the mediastinum

32
Q

Epithelium of the rete testis?

A

simple cuboidal

33
Q

Where are the ductuli efferentes?

A

emerge from the mediastinum on postero-superior aspect of testes

34
Q

Epithelium of the ductuli efferentes?

A

simple columnar epithelium (alternating tall and short cells)

35
Q

What is the difference between tall and short cells that form the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes?

A

Tall cells: ciliates (beat TOWARD epididymus)

Short cells: short microvilli (reabsorb testicular fluid)

36
Q

What do the contents of the efferent ductules empty into?

A

ductus epididymus

37
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the ductus epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

38
Q

What allows for the peristaltic action for sperm transport in the ductus epididymis?

A

thin layer of circularly arranged sm muscle that surrounds the duct

39
Q

What forms the ductus deferens?

A

very thick muscular wall that runs within the spermatic cord w/ arteires, veins, lymph vessels, nerves and the cremaster muscle

40
Q

What structures are found in the ductus deferens?

A

Mucosa- pseudostratified w/ sterocilia
muscularis- three disting layers of smooth muscle
adventitia

41
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

terminal dilation of the ductus deferens w/ HIGHLY folded mucosa and NO stereocilia

42
Q

What is an elongated saccular organ that is located at the distal end of the ductus deferens and doesn’t fully develop until pubery?

A

seminal vesicle

43
Q

Describe the structure of the seminal vesicle.

A

Mucosa: columnar epithelium, lamina propria
Muscularis: sm mucsle and external longituidinal layer of sm muscle
Adventitia: elastic connetive tissue

44
Q

What secretes a yellow, viscous secretion that is rich in fructose, ascorbic acid and PGs?

A

Epithelium of the seminal vesicle

45
Q

What is the fxn of the seminal vesicle?

A

contribute to volume for ejaculate

rich in fructose (principle sugar in semen and energy source of motile sperm)

46
Q

What forms the prostate gland?

A

compound tubuloalveolar gland (30-50 glands) that surround the prostatic portion of the urethra that does NOT fully develop until puberty

47
Q

What part of the prostate gland is composed of fibroelastic tissue and is RICH in sm muscle?

A

capsule

48
Q

What makes up 1/4 of the prostate gland and is formed by dense bifromuscular tissue?

A

stroma

49
Q

What are the three groups of glands found in teh parenchyma of hte prostate?

A
  1. mucosal glands (smallest, in periurethral tissue)
  2. submucosal (ring of tissue surrounding periurethral tissue, empty into urethral sinus)
  3. main prostatic glands (outer and largest, provide bulk of gland secretion)
50
Q

What glands are related to BPH?

A

mucosal glands

51
Q

What is the fxn of the prostate gland?

A

secrete thin, milky, faintly acid fluid

  • especially active during sex
  • dependent on testosterone
52
Q

What is an indicator of potential carcinoma of prostate?

A

acid phosphatase

53
Q

What makes up 25% of seminal fluid?

A

secretions from the prostate gland

54
Q

What are bulbourethral glands (cowpers)?

A

paird bodies the size of a pea that lie in connective tissue behind the membranous urethra

*compound tubuloalveolar gland

55
Q

What secretes a clear viscous lubricating material into the urethra under condition of sexual excitement?

A

bulbourethral glands

56
Q

What secretions make up sement?

A

epididymal
seminal vesicle
prostatic

57
Q

What part of the penis is circumsized?

A

prepuce

circular fold of skin covering the lgans

58
Q

What forms the core of the shaft of the penis?

A

copora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
tunica albuginea

59
Q

Where are the corpora cavernosa located?

A

paired

terminate at the glans

60
Q

Where is the corpus spongiosum located?

A

ventrall
enclose cavernous portion of urethra
end as cup shaped enlargement

61
Q

What is the tunica albuginea in the penis?

A

thick fibrous connective tissue sheath that surrounds each of the erectile cylinders

62
Q

What arteries supply the penis?

A 
deep arteries (spiral= helcine arteries)
run longitudinally through the corpora cavernosa penis
63
Q

WHere are the venules of the penis located?

A

inner surface of the tunica albuginea

drain the cavernous spaces

64
Q

What forms the deep dorsal veins?

A

branches of venules pierce the tunica albuginea and unite to form the deep dorsal vein

65
Q

What causes an erection?

A 
PNS stimulation>
sm muscle of supplying a. to relax>
vessles dilate>
blood flows into cavernous spaces>
lumina dilate>
66
Q

How does engorgement affect the thin walled venules beneath the tunica albuginea?

A

compresses the venules leading to reduced venous drainage>

corpora cavernosa becomes turgid

67
Q

What causes emission?

A

SNS

  1. Sm muscle of epididymis, DD and ED undergo peristaltic contractions> sperm enter urethra>
  2. sm muscle ins eminal vesicles and prostate contracts: seminal and prostatic fluids join sperm
68
Q

What causes ejaculation?

A

nerve impulses form S1-S2 enter pudendal nerve>
supply skeletal muscle at BASE of erection>
increased pressure in tissue expresses semen from urethra

69
Q

What is detumescence?

A

SNS stimulation> causes arteries to regain tone

70
Q

What are hte components of the male urethra?

A

prostatic (transitional> stratified columnar)
membranous (stratified columanr)
penile (stratified columnar + stratified sq. NK)

71
Q

What is the difference between the epidermis and dermis of the scrotum?

A

epidermis- more melanin present

dermis- sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles

72
Q

Is there fat in teh subcutaneous tissue of the scrotum?

A

no (thick layer of sm muscle–dartos)

73
Q

What happens to the scrotum in the cold?

A

dartos muscle contracts and pulls testis close to body

74
Q

What happens to the scrotum when its warm?

A

dartos muscle relaxes and the testis descend

Endo/Repro: Week 3 (5 decks)

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