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IGCSE Geography > settlements > Flashcards

settlements Flashcards

1
Q

site meaning

A

the actual location of a settlement

-is composed of the physical characterisitcs of the landscape specific to the area

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2
Q

situation meaning

A

the location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places

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3
Q

nucleated settlements characterisitcs

A
  • dwellings clustered together
  • shape of settlement is compact
  • people live close to neighbours
  • easy access to shops and schools
  • closeness helps in defence and social benefits
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4
Q

dispersed settlements characteristics

A
  • scattered isolated dwellings
  • can develop in agricultural areas where soil is not very fertile so people need to farm large areas
  • culture can play a role as tradition may be to live far from each other
  • sometimes found n modern areas with huge commercial farms
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5
Q

linear settlements characteristics

A

-long thin rows along roads and rivers
-allows each dwelling access to road/river for transport
-found in valley floor near rivers to avoid steep slopes in upper course
also found in floodplains where soil is fertile

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6
Q

relief influence of physical factors in determining settlements

A

low lying land with gentle slopes usually has nucleated settlements

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7
Q

soil influence of physical factors in determining settlements

A

areas with fertile soil usually have nucleated settlement plan

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8
Q

water supply influence of physical factors in determining settlements

A

access to rivers usually have linear settlements

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9
Q

accessibility influence of physical factors in determining settlements

A

high accessibility areas have nucleated/linear settlements

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10
Q

resources influence of physical factors in determining settlements

A

nucleated

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11
Q

hierarchy of settlements up to down

A
  • conurbation
  • city
  • large town
  • small town
  • village
  • hamlet
  • isolated dwelling
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12
Q

order of settlement meaning

A

refers to size of settlement

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13
Q

sphere of influence meaning

A

area served by a settlement;settlements of higher order have a larger sphere of influence

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14
Q

order of service meaning

A
  • depends on the threshold population
  • services with a large threshold population are called high order services
  • services with a small threshold population are called low order services
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15
Q

threshold population meaning

A
  • the minimum number of people needed to provide a large enough demand of service
  • higher order services need higher threshold population
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16
Q

services of smaller settlements

A

provide a limited range of services and goods for sale as people travel short distances for these services

17
Q

services of larger settlements

A
  • large towns and cities provide a wider range of goods and services
  • people travel long distances for some of these services but less frequently
18
Q

what are high order goods

A
  • comparison goods
  • before people buy them they compare prices and quality
  • are not bought often
19
Q

what are low order goods

A
  • convenience goods
  • used regularly
  • do not need to comapre prices
20
Q

features of urban areas

A
  • central business district
  • industrial areas
  • residential areas
  • rural-urban fringe
21
Q

central business district characterisitcs

A

Location: city centre
Function: offices, shops. administrative buildings, tourist attraction
accessibility: linked to the rest of the city by main roads and public transport
-land value: highest in the city because the space is limited and there is big competition to build in this zone

22
Q

industrial areas characterisitcs

A

location: next to cbd
function: factories and residential for workers
accessibilityL linked by train to mines or other factories + transport of goods
-land value: low since lots of space available

23
Q

residential area characterisitcs

A
  • location:outside industrial area
  • function: serve as housing
  • accessibility: good transport to CBD
  • land value: space for houses
24
Q

rural urban fringe characteristics

A
  • location: at edge of city
  • function: contain big houses for the rich
  • accessibility: lack of public transport but roads to CBD
  • land value: space available
25
Q

CBD problems and solution

A
  • increased traffic: underground shopping malls
  • pollution of cars: pedestrianisaition
  • can look unattrative: parks, trees
  • crime: job creation
26
Q

non cbd problems and solutions

A
  • poor housing quality: gov housing schemes
  • congestion: more big roads
  • noise and air pollution: move houses away from industry and regulate pollution
  • decline in industry: gov aid
27
Q

impacts of rapid urbanisation

A
  • crime
  • unemplyment
  • congestion
  • homelessness
  • pollution
  • pressureon schools and healthcare
  • squatter settlements
28
Q

reducing impacts of urbanisation

A
  • self help schemes
  • low cost housing
  • site and serivces schemes
  • improve infrastructure
  • employment
  • invest in countryside
  • security measures
  • provision of education and healthcare
  • creation of jobs

IGCSE Geography (13 decks)

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