Settlements Flashcards
What is a settlement?
-A village, town or city
-A place where groups of people live
-A place people travel to for work, shopping and leisure facilities
What is a site?
It is the actual place where a settlement developed. It described the physical nature of where it is located
What is a situation of a settlement?
-It is the description of the settlement in relation to the surrounding features such as other settlements and physical features around it
-It is the most important in determining whether it grows to become a large city or stays as a small town or villagers
What is the function of a settlement?
-The function of a settlement relates to its economic and social development and its main activities
-All settlements have a function
-Most settlements are multi-functional
-Most settlements have had a change in function over time
What are the reasons to choose another settlement site?
-Access to water
-Land quality
-Defence
-Natural resources
Why does access to water is one of the reasons to choose another settlement site?
-They can use the water for domestic purposes such as cleaning, cooking, drinking and if viable for transport and trading purposes
Why does land quality is one of the reasons to choose another settlement site?
-swamps and marshes can be unhygienic or unstable for any development.
-Flat land is useful as it is easier to build settlements.
-fertile soil can be used for agriculture
Why does defence is one of the reasons to choose another settlement site?
-Settlements can be easier to defend from attacks at a higher location or next to coast
Why does natural resources is the reason to choose another settlement site?
-Access to supplies of wood and stone helps in the building and development of the settlement
-Being close to the lake or sea can provide fish as food or export it to other countries
What are the types of settlement patterns?
Dispersed settlements
Linear settlements
Nucleated settlements
What does a dispersed settlement look like?
-They have no central point
-The building are scattered
What does a linear settlement look like?
-clustered either along rivers, creaks or streams. Later along migration routes, railroads and highways
What does a nuclear settlement look like?
-Happens on a long crossroads
-River mouths are adjacent to the bays
-Near centers of industry
Why do settlements change over time?
-Population growth
-Technology advancement
-Economic progression
How does population growth change settlements?
A growing population would require more space and services and have more demands and needs as well.
How does technology advancement change settlements?
-The process of invention and innovation into processing that increases productivity
How does economic progression change settlements?
-An increase in the capability of a society to produce high-valued good and service with usually technology
How does settlements change over time?
-Increase in size
-Change in infrastructure
-Function
How does the settlement size increase over time?
-the area of settlement grows from occupying small area to larger areas
How does the settlement change in infrastructure?
-Better quality used in building of settlement
-Buildings become taller and more sophisticated with proper transport network and communication
How does the settlement change in function?
-Settlements may change function based on the services they provide
What is urban growth?
It is the increase in the total number of people living in the towns and cities in a country, a region or the world
What is urbanization?
When the proportion of the people living in the towns and cities in a country or a region or the world increases
What are the push factors to a settlement?
Nature of jobs in rural areas
Overpopulation in rural areas
Low standard of medical and education
Why are the nature of jobs in a rural area a push factor?
-Majority of work is focused on farming due to technology advancement
-Younger generation prefer not to work in farms due to tedious work
Why is overpopulation in rural farms a push factors?
-High birth rates but lack of available land for farming for future generation
-Younger generations left with small plots of land due to fragmentation
-Farmers may be evicted by farmland owned by big companies landlords when they are unable to pay them
Why is low standard of medical and education a push factor?
-Government do not invest much in small villages
-Medical and education facilities are not developed
-younger generation move out early to find education in city centers
What are all the pull factors?
Job opportunities and better paying jobs
Better educational and medical facilities
Modern may of life
Why is job opportunities and better paying jobs a pull factor?
-There is a greater variety of jobs in the city center
-Jobs generally offer higher salaries than in rural farms
-Young workers are given the opportunity to climb the social ladder as they become more skilled
Why are better educational and medical facilities a pull factor?
-Government invest in developing educational and medical facilities more
-Young generation from the rural areas and seek education opportunities in urban areas
Why is the modern way of life a pull factor?
-Cities offer better amenities and basic necessities than rural areas
-The appeal of bright lights of the city
-Rural migrants move in to cities hoping for better living conditions
What are all the troubles in the city?
Transport problem
Housing problem
Environmental Degradation
Why is transport a problem in the city?
-Cities doesn’t build transport fast enough to accommodate the increasing number of people
-New immigrants build informal housing near transport lines
-Middle income groups buys cars as their salary increases due to economic growth
-The combined pressure of the increasing number of people and vehicles causes traffic congestion
Why is Environmental Degradation a problem in the city?
-Slums do not have proper methods of disposing rubbish
-Sanitation facilities are not available in the slums which leads to land and water pollution
-traffic congestion leads to serious air pollution
