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Geography > Natural Vegetation > Flashcards

Natural Vegetation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is natural vegetation?

A

Plants that grow naturally in a place without human interference

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2
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community of living organisms within a physical environment and the interactions between them

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3
Q

What is a biome?

A

The living part of an ecosystem.Plants are often used to identify biomes

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4
Q

the growth of vegetation is influenced by…

A

the temperature and rainfall(precipitation)

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5
Q

what are the 5 layers of life in a rainforest?(answer from top to bottom)

A

emergent trees, canopy,understory,shrub,forest floor

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6
Q

what is the height of the emergent layer?

A

30m to 50m

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7
Q

what is the structure of a tree in the emergent layer?

A

The trees in the emergent layer have tall, thick and straight trunks

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8
Q

what is the height of the canopy layer?

A

20m to 30m

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9
Q

what is the structure of a tree canopy layer?

A

Its a continuous leaf cover called canopy is formed by umbrella shaped crowns

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10
Q

what is the height of the understory layer?

A

5m to 15m

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11
Q

what is a structure of a tree in the understory layer?

A

the trees in the understory have narrower, oval-shaped crowns as most sunlight is blocked by the canopy

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12
Q

what is the height of the shrub layer?

A

up to 6m

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13
Q

what does the shrub layer mainly consist of?

A

tree saplings and woody plants

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14
Q

what is the height of the undergrowth(forest floor) layer?

A

up to 5m

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15
Q

why is the plant growth in the undergrowth(forest floor) area so sparse?

A

its due to little sunlight

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16
Q

Rainforest have an abundance of…

A

epiphytes and parasitic plants

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17
Q

which layer are the parasitic plants found at

A

canopy and understory

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18
Q

what are epiphytes?

A

Plants which live above the ground on tree trunks and branches

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19
Q

how does epiphytes ensure rapid water intake?

A

By using their aerial roots

20
Q

what are examples of epiphytes?

A

orchids and ferns

21
Q

parasitic plants can…

A

cause the death of their host trees

22
Q

parasitic plants compete with the host tree for…

A

Sunlight and nutrients

23
Q

why is the topsoil of the tropical rainforest poor quality?

A

due to the large amounts of rainfall throughout the years leeching away nutrients

24
Q

what provides most of the nutrients for rainforest vegetation?

A

The humus

25
Q

how is evergreen formed?

A

Due to high rainfall

26
Q

what is a characteristic of evergreen?

A

They do not shed leaves

27
Q

what are examples of hardwood

A

meranti, Kapur and chengal

28
Q

what is a characteristic of hardwood

A

They tend to be harder

29
Q

what are some types of leaf surfaces?

A

Waxy with drip tips
Big and broad
Thick and leathery

30
Q

what are waxy with drip tips leaf surfaces are for?

A

Allow rainwater to drain off easily
Prevents bacteria from growing on them

31
Q

what are big and board leaf surfaces are for?

A

To maximize surface for photosynthesis

32
Q

what are thick and leathery leaf surfaces for?

A

To withstand heat

33
Q

what are examples of barks and branches?

A

Thin and smooth barks
Tree branches are only at the top half portion

34
Q

The leaf litter decomposes quickly to form…

A

a layer of humus

35
Q

what does the layer of humus provide?

A

It provides much nutrients to the rich diversity of vegetation in a rainforest

36
Q

what is the purpose of thin and smooth barks?

A

The plant does not need protection against cold or dry conditions

37
Q

why are the tree branches only at the top half portion?

A

Because of the lack in sunlight at the lower layers

38
Q

what are some example of roots?

A

Shallow root which spread widely
Buttress roots

39
Q

What is the purpose of shallow roots which spread widely?

A

The roots do not need to reach deep soil for nutrients and water

40
Q

what are the conditions for shallow roots which spread widely?

A

1.High at the temperature and rainfall all year round
2. Leaf litter decomposes quickly to form humus at the uppermost layer of soil

41
Q

What is the purpose of Buttress roots?

A

To support the great weight of the tall trees

42
Q

Where in the rainforest is still air?

A

below the canopy

43
Q

Still air does not…

A

Allow pollination to be carried by wind

44
Q

Plants below the canopy use…

A

colorful and sweet smelling flowers and fruits to attract animals

45
Q

Plants use ______ for pollination

A

Incests

46
Q

Plants use_______for seed dispersal

A

Animals

47
Q

what is the general density in rainforests?

A

Extremely dense as plants grow close to each other

Geography (5 decks)

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