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geography > Settlement > Flashcards

Settlement Flashcards

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1
Q

Rural settlement

A

A small settlement in a rural area with limited buildings and infrastructure where a primary activity occurs

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2
Q

Urban settlement

A

An urban area such as a city where people have built a variety of types of buildings and infrastructure and a variety of economic activities occur

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3
Q

Site

A

The actual,physical position of a settlement

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4
Q

Situation

A

The position of a settlement in relation to its wider surroundings

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5
Q

Size of settlement

A

It can refer to the area covered by the settlement or the number of people living in that area

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6
Q

Complexity

A

Refers to the variety of different economic activities that occur

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7
Q

Settlement function

A

The economic activity and social facilities available in a settlement

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8
Q

Pattern

A

The distribution and arrangement of settlements across a landscape

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9
Q

Urban-rural continuum

A

Where it is difficult to distinguish between the rural and urban characteristics of a settlement as the two are overlapping

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10
Q

Nucleated settlement

A

Building are grouped together for economic, social, political or security reasons

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11
Q

Dispersed settlement

A

Scattered, isolated farms

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12
Q

Densification

A

An increase in the distribution density of a settlement I.e: there are more buildings close together

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13
Q

Service centres

A

Rural towns that provides services to the surrounding community

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14
Q

Round village

A

A village centred around an open space

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15
Q

Linear village

A

A village where buildings are located in a mine often along a road or river

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16
Q

T-shaped village

A

A village clustered around a t-junction

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17
Q

Cross-road village

A

A village clustered around a cross-road for trade purposes

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18
Q

Settlement

A

A place where people live and have built buildings and infrastructure

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19
Q

Land use

A

How the land in an area is used. It mainly refers to the economic activities and how they are practiced

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20
Q

Extensive farming

A

Farming a large area with small amounts of capital and labour

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21
Q

Intensive farming

A

Farming a small area with high amount of capital invested or large amount of labour

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22
Q

Commercial farming

A

Farming for a profit where output is maximized through the use of technology

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23
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Farming to provide food for the community or the farmers family

24
Q

Rural-urban migration

A

The movement of people from rural to urban areas

25
Q

Rural depopulation

A

The decrease in people who are mostly economically active in rural areas due to rural-urban migration

26
Q

Land reform

A

Providing access to land which was denied during colonialism and the apartheid era

27
Q

Land restitution

A

Restore land or pay back people who were forced off their land during apartheid

28
Q

Land tenure

A

To secure rights of people living in insecure conditions on land owned by others

29
Q

Land redistribution

A

To redistribute land to people who are landless and cannot claim land

30
Q

Urbanization

A

When the proportion of people living in an urban area increases

31
Q

Level of urbanization

A

The percentage of a country’s total population living in an urban area

32
Q

Counter-urbanization

A

People moving out of cities to live in rural areas

33
Q

HDI

A

The indicator that reflects the level of development of a country

34
Q

Central place towns

A

Centrally located towns whose main function is to serve the surrounding area

35
Q

Trade and transport towns

A

Towns that are a hub for trade and transport in a region / a port

36
Q

Specialized towns

A

Towns that develop because of a specific resource or service they offer

37
Q

Junction towns

A

Towns at the intersection of a number of transport routes

38
Q

Gateway towns

A

Towns that act as entry points to a wide set of resources

39
Q

Gap towns

A

Towns that develop at a gap in a mountain

40
Q

Urban hierarchy

A

The ranking of a town according to its size and importance

41
Q

Threshold population

A

The min number of people needed to support a service to make it sustainable

42
Q

Sphere of influence

A

The area that a central place serves

43
Q

Lower order functions

A

Common services that are found in even small settlements such as a grocery shop

44
Q

Higher order functions

A

Specialized services that usually only occur in large settlements such as hospitals

45
Q

Land use zones

A

Parts of a city where specific activities and buildings are found

46
Q

Gentrification

A

The renovation of old buildings in a part of a city to attract investors to increase property values

47
Q

CBD

A

The commercial and economic centre of a settlement

48
Q

Transitional zone/ zone of decay

A

The area surrounding the CBD where mixed land use occurs, such as light industry, commerce and residential

49
Q

Industrial zone

A

A part of a settlement where there are factories and the main function or activity is industry

50
Q

Residential zone

A

A part of a settlement where people live in houses or apartments

51
Q

Urban profile

A

The side view of an urban area from one side of the urban settlement to the other

52
Q

Rural-urban fringe

A

The zone that surrounds the urban area and has a mix of functions

53
Q

Urban expansion

A

When the physical area covered by an urban settlement increases

54
Q

Urban patterns

A

How the different land use zones in an urban area are arranged

55
Q

Informal settlement

A

A settlement where there is very little planning, buildings appear as temporary and houses are usually built out of makeshift materials

geography (4 decks)

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