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geography > Economic Geo > Flashcards

Economic Geo Flashcards

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1
Q

secondary sector

A

producing or manufacturing goods

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2
Q

tertiary sector

A

providing services

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3
Q

quaternary sector

A

research and activities which use high levels of technology

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4
Q

gross domestic product (GDP)

A

the total income generated by all the economic activities of a country

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5
Q

small-scale farming

A

farming a small piece of land for susbsistence purposes and to contribute to food security

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6
Q

food security

A

the availability of sufficient food as well as access to it

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7
Q

large-scale farming

A

farming on a commercial level using technology in order to make a profit

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8
Q

monoculture

A

growing just one crop to increase efficiency and output

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9
Q

home market

A

demand for products within a country, for local consumption and not for export

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10
Q

export market

A

products that are grown for consumption in other countries

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11
Q

land restitution

A

restore land or pay back people who were forced off their land during apartheid or colonial periods

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12
Q

tenure reform

A

to secure rights of people living in insecure conditions on land owned by others

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13
Q

redistribution programmes

A

to redistribute land to people who are landless and cannot claim land

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14
Q

trade tariffs

A

taxes placed on products when they are imported by the importing

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15
Q

beneficiation

A

adding value to a raw material (mainly minerals) by processing them eg cutting and polishing diamonds

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16
Q

BBBEE

A

broad-based black economic empowerment

17
Q

downstream industries

A

industies which use products that have already been partly processed

18
Q

nationalisation

A

when the government takes over control of resources or industries

19
Q

collective bargaining

A

when a small group of elected workers represent all the workers in an industry and bargain with employers on the workers’ beha

20
Q

heavy industries

A

produce large, heavy products using large machines and a large number of semi-skilled workers

21
Q

capital intensive

A

industries which require a large amount of capital to start up and run

22
Q

light industries

A

manufacture of relatively small articles using small amounts of raw materials

23
Q

market-orientated industries

A

factories that are located close to their customers

24
Q

footloose industries

A

industries that do not need to be located near to raw materials or their markets

25
Q

ubiquitous industries

A

industries that are common and produce basic consumer goods eg a bakery

26
Q

break-of-bulk point industries

A

places and industries that develop where one form of transport changes into another eg sea to rail transport

27
Q

incentives

A

a loan or tax incentive aimed at encouraging business to initiatives

28
Q

growth points

A

growth points
places near to the old homelands that were identified for industrial growth by the apartheid government in order to create jobs

29
Q

primary sector

A

extracting raw materials from the natural environment

30
Q

deconcentration points

A

industrial development sites created just outside of core areas in order to prevent crowding in the core / linked to SDI and IDZ

31
Q

spatial development initiatives (SDIs)

A

iniatives aimed at attracting private sector investment in underdeveloped areas with growth potential
Main difference is linking core area with transportation (idZ

32
Q

industrial development zone (IDZ)

A

a zone where new investment in industrial activities is planned

33
Q

industrial centralisation

A

clustering of industries around large industrial areas

34
Q

industrial decentralisation

A

developing industries in outlying areas to prevent overcrowding in developed areas and create job opportunities outside of these areas

35
Q

SEZ

A

special economic zones - a new name for what were previously industrial development zones

36
Q

informal sector

A

part of the economy not regulated by the government, not paying taxes and not included

37
Q

social grant

A

welfare payment made by the government to the elderly, diabled

38
Q

SETA

A

sector education and training authority - set standards for education and training in certain sectors

39
Q

Link industry

A

Industry which attracts similar industries. Multiplier effect.
Agglomeration (coming together)

geography (4 decks)

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