settlement 2 Flashcards
Inner city characteristics ( Molenbeek & Schaerbeek):
-Croissant Pauvre
-High out-migration
-Empty derelict properties.
-High levels of
unemployment -22-27%
-Molenbeek & Schaerbeek
-Large ethnic community N.African/Turkish
-High levels of crime
-Low quality housing
-Wasteland
-Derelict factories
-Lack of green space
-Few shops & services
Characteristics of the suburbs (Woluwe St.Pierre)
-High income housing
-Large semi- detached or detached houses.
-Front and back gardens.
-Garage or drive way.
-Wide streets, often tree lined
-Close to parks and green spaces.
-Small volume of traffic and people
Characteristics of the RUF ( Tervuren)
-Less traffic congestion
-Room to expand
-Less pollution
-Mixture of land use – golf -courses, farmland, residential areas
-High income housing – similar to above.
General conflicts on the RUF
-Large areas of countryside lost, due to housing
developments.
-Buildings out of character with rural buildings.
-Traffic likely to increase ( road outside school)
-Noise pollution – traffic..
-NIMBYism
Issues in Brussels Inner City
-Molenbeek -west of the Brussel canal zone, struggles with image.
-Links with Radical Islam & terrorist bombers (2016) came from Molenbeek.
-Failed to integrate N. African community.
- Poor education rates, high unemployment, crime, & discrimination.
-Deindustrialisation,
-out migration,
-inner city decline,
-low levels of investment and -high incidence of poverty and social deprivation.
Changes in Brussels Inner city - Molenbeek
-Renovation of former abattoir – food hall, hosts events & aquaponics farm.
-Transformation Porte Ninove – old toxic industrial site. Now green space, apartments & sports facilities.
-Old Bellevue brewery converted into art museum & another brewery becomes a hotel.
-Tour & Taxi – old freight station & warehouses converted into luxury shops, offices & restaurants.
-Comic strip walk
-Molengeek creative hub – computer programming & coding.
Changes RUF & Conflicts:
Developments:
Changes RUF & Conflicts:
-Belgium 97% urbanised.
-Green spaces under threat from housing developments (saying Belgium’s are born with a brick in their bellies.)
Developments:
-Woluwe shopping centre.
-TNC Coca Cola in Anderlecht
-Offices by Zaventem airport.
-Erasmus science park
-Industrial & retail parks – Ikea, AS Adventure…
RUF Conflicts:
-Many expats attracted to Brussels.
-Demand for housing & Belgium’s brick in belly = great demand for land.
-Threatens biodiversity & habitats.
-Housing developments = road congestion & noise/air pollution.
-Vine yards under threat, as land profitable = loss of culture.
-Young people struggle to afford housing.
-Competition from airport and business parks.
-Ring road threaten old Hunting Forest.
Inner city conflicts:
Gentrification!
-Porte Ninove – Most of the new homes private (250 compared to 120 for low income residents.)
-Up building – Luxury apartments
-Rents then rise and original residents may be forced out.
-Shops & services may also change – can all local residents access them?
Population increasing-Lagos
-UN -14 million.
-The Lagos State government 21 million.
-2050 Nigeria x2 population it has today,
+50% will live in cities
60% will be under 25yrs
Natural Increase
Reasons for high fertility ( 4 children/familly):
-Use of contraception 13% Nigeria & 22% Lagos.
-Child Bridge 49% Nigeria & 8% Lagos
-Primary enrolment – 39% & 60%
-Low GDP $1900 & Lagos $4333.
Causes of rapid urban growth ( why migrated internally?)
Push factors:
-Poverty in the Northern -Sahel region due to droughts..
-Boko Haram & insecurity.
-Bandits
-Low wages, shortage of land.
-Oil pollution in Niger delta.
Pull factors:
-More job opportunities in Lagos – oil, finance, construction, manufacturing, -x2 ports,
- Nollywood.
-30% of GDP comes from Lagos
Effects of rapid growth on the city
