SET 4 Flashcards
Based on the domestication of animals and use their products as main source of food. Groups move where there is foods but they are more settlers than nomads. Independent and warlike.
Pastoral Societies
Deserts of North and East Africa and the Middle East.
Example of Pastoral
The cultivation of domesticated crops in small gardens using hand tools. Slash & burn the field system. Sexual division. Permanent settlements. Surplus of food= prestige. Warfare common. 1st social inequality and sexual division.
Horticultural Societies
Tropical forests of Asia, Australia, South America and Africa.
Example of Horticultural
Moore labor, use of fertilizers, control of water supply, use of animals. Use of the plow—agricultural revolution—larger crops. Permanent settlements, larger population, central government and great inequalities.
Agricultural Societies
250 years ago
When did industrial societies appear?
Production of goods through mass employment in business and commercial operations. Based on industrial production and mostly they are free enterprise; technological advances occur more faster. Urban, social life is impersonal, politics more developed. Nation states.
Industrial Societies
Move away from cities, do not believe in science, technology for marketing, biotechnology, Increasing power and freedom to individuals but impersonal relations; shallow lives; instant gratification.
Greater gender equality.
Postindustrialism
The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors and material objects that are passed on from one generation to the next. The way of life of individual members or groups within a society.
Culture
The material objects or goods that distinguish a group of people from others.
Material Culture
A group’s way of thinking and doing.
Non-Material Culture
A system, a collection of interrelationships that connects individuals sharing the same territory.
Society
Used when a person fails to conform to the culture. Members of a culture are supposed to learn in childhood.
Social Control
A collection of objective ideas, facts about the physical & social worlds.
Knowledge
Subjective and unverifiable ideas.
Beliefs
Abstract ideals shared by a group. Socially shared ideas about what is good and desirable in life.
Values
Principles or rules of social life people observe.
written and unwritten rules to control a society’s behavior. Society enforces these norms through sanctions.
Norms
Weak norms that specify expectations about proper behaviors, but if someone does not follow we don’t send them to jail, we just raise our eyebrows. Hipsters.
Folkways
Norms that constitute demands on our behavior. Mores are often turned into laws.
If there is no normative support the laws are hard to enforce (e.g. teenage drinking).
Mores
That language predisposes us to see the world in a certain way.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
