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Professional practice > Set 3 > Flashcards

Set 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name some key Acts that relate to radiology

A 
Human rights Act
Radiation Protection Act
Health & Disability Commissioners Act
Privacy Act
H&S in employment Act
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2
Q

Name some key Codes that relate to radiology

A

Health information privacy code
MRTB code of ethics
Code of patient rights
Health & Disability commissioners codes

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3
Q

What Act and Code set out requirements and recommendations for radiation safety associated with the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis?

A

Radiation Protection Act and the Code of Practice for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (ORS C1) .

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4
Q

Give examples from the HDCA code of rights

A

Right 1: the right to be treated with respect
Right 2: the right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment, and exploitation
Right 3: the right to dignity and independence
Right 4: the right to services of an appropriate standard
Right 5: the right to effective communication
Right 6: the right to be fully informed
Right 7: the right to make an informed choice and give informed consent
Right 8: the right to support
Right 9: rights in respect of teaching or research
Right 10: the right to complain

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5
Q

Give some examples from the MRTB code of ethics

A

High standards, professional conduct and appearance, trust, operate within scope, lowest radiation dose, respect, privacy, accountability, ongoing training.

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6
Q

Before patients consent, what do they need?

A

All relevant information about the procedure, including the risks.

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7
Q

What does RACE stand for in relation to fire?

A 
Remove any patients/personnel in area
Activate the alarm. Dial emergency number. State “Fire”, give location & type of fire. Speak clearly & calmly
Contain the fire by closing doors
Extinguish if safe
Evacuate if in doubt
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8
Q

In an evacuation, who should be evacuated first?

A

Those closest to the fire then ambulant patients and visitors then non-ambulant in chairs and beds

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9
Q

What are two types of fire extinguishers?

A

Dry powder- Multipurpose, fire retardant powder

CO2 -For chemical and electrical fire.

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10
Q

What is the procedure in the event of electrocution?

A

Quickly assess the situation & call out for help
If it is safe, switch off the source of power
If not grab a non-conductor & push the injured person free, to break the circuit
Check ABCs
Ring for cardiac arrest team

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11
Q

Name radiation safety equipment

A

Lead aprons, lead glasses, radiation warning signs, radiation monitor badge

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12
Q

How do we limit radiation risk?

A

Ensure radiographers are qualified, registered and maintain CPD going to safety update sessions
Student radiographers are directly supervised initially and progress to indirect supervision by the time they graduate
Thorough ID and pregnancy check of patients
Apply the principles in ORS c1 which are….
Use protection equipment appropriately
Carry out QA checks on equipment

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13
Q

What is an incident?

A

Incident =Any adverse situation that could have serious consequences

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14
Q

Name some possible incidents

A

Accidental radiation exposure- wrong part or wrong person
Slips, trips and falls
Conflict with aggressive patient or relative
Wrong ID or marker on a patients film that has gone for reporting……

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15
Q

What should you do if you have an incident?

A

Prevention is the best solution.
Be attentive and focused while working
Don’t be afraid to admit an incident and get help from your supervising MRT- you are not expected to manage these situations on your own
Try and resolve the situation without delay
Complete an incident form if necessary- this helps with analysis of the event to prevent it happening again

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16
Q

Define professional ethics

A

Rules of conduct of standards by which a particular group regulates its actions and sets standards for its members

17
Q

Name the six healthcare ethical prinicples

A

Beneficience - decide and act in ways to benefit the patient
Non-maleficience - above all, do not harm
Autonomy - respect the independence of others
Veracity - Tell the truth
Fidelity - Be faithful
Justice - Be fair

18
Q

What are the first aid prinicples to follow?

A

Try and remain calm yourself- freezing with fear is not uncommon so be determined to override it. Follow procedures one step at a time.
Reassure the patient, making them comfortable and keeping them warm
Preserve patient’s dignity and privacy
Limit unnecessary bystanders
Take time after any incident to talk it over
with a supervising MRT or clinical tutor

19
Q

What are the signs of a cadiac arrest and what should you do?

A 
Symptoms: Sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness
Check ABCs
Call for help
Rescue breathing
Precordial thump and/or defibrillation
Chest compressions
20
Q

What should you do if someone is unconscious?

A

Speak directly “Are you OK there?”
Accompany verbal stimulus with touch- squeeze arm
Repeat with painful stimulus- squeeze ear lobe or sternum rub
Check ABCs
Call for help
Follow as per arrest, faint or fall
Recovery position

21
Q

What should you do if someone looks dizzy and pale?

A

If a patient appears to be dizzy and pale
Lie them down
Elevate the feet rolled up blankets; tilt trolley head down
Loosen tight clothing
Reassure patient
Alternatively: sit them down, with support and their head between their knees
If the patient falls follow the procedure on next slide

22
Q

What should you do if someone falls?

A

If you attempt to catch a falling patient you put yourself in danger of injury
If a patient has fallen their instinct will be to attempt to stand up again, encourage them to remain on the ground until you have checked they are OK
Call for help
Check the patient of signs of fracture- hip and wrist are common
For fainting exclude hip fracture before elevating feet
Reassure and make patient comfortable

23
Q

What are the sigs of angina and what should you do?

A

Angina is pain caused by temporary
insufficient blood flow to the heart
Pain in chest, neck, jaw or arms for less than 10 mins
Sweaty, pale skin and SOB
Encourage patient to rest- sit or lie down
If the have medicine such as nitrolingual (tongue) spray they should take it
If pain does not ease or you are in any doubt call a Radiologist and Radiology nurse for assistance

24
Q

What are the signs of a stroke and what should you do?

A

Stroke is impaired blood supply to the brain caused by a blood clot or burst blood vessel
Symptoms are specific to the part of the brain affected and include sudden headache, weakness or paralysis (often unilateral), confusion, aphasia, loss of consciousness
Call for help and monitor ABCs
Place in recovery position if unconscious
Reassure patient
Some patients have TIAs* which last a few minutes- these patients should be treated as if they have had a stroke

25
Q

What should you do for a seizure?

A

Protect the person from injury
Call for medical assistance, however:
Keep bystanders away and maintain privacy
Place in recovery position if unconscious
Check for a Medic Alert bracelet
Do not attempt to continue a radiological examination, transfer or return a patient until they have been cleared by a doctor
Like many of these incidents a nurse should escort the patient to the ward, notes of the incident recorded with a handover regarding the event to ward staff

26
Q

What is hypoglycaemia, what are the signs and what should you do?

A

Protect the person from injury
Call for medical assistance, however:
Keep bystanders away and maintain privacy
Place in recovery position if unconscious
Check for a Medic Alert bracelet
Do not attempt to continue a radiological examination, transfer or return a patient until they have been cleared by a doctor
Like many of these incidents a nurse should escort the patient to the ward, notes of the incident recorded with a handover regarding the event to ward staff

27
Q

What should you do for bleeding?

A

Occasionally in the department you will:
uncover a bleeding wound or
an IV cannula will be dislodged causing bleeding

You should already be wearing gloves if you are X-raying a patient with a wound if not immediately glove up for your protection
Use the dressing to press on the wound
Elevate the site- raise the arm

28
Q

What are the signs of allergic reaction and what should you do?

A

Using contrast media (CM). Reaction may be due to iodine
Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, wheeze, rash, hives, swelling of neck and face, nausea, vomiting, collapse
Call for help and ABCs
Sit or lie the patient in a trolley
Unconscious patients in the recovery position
Check for Medic Alert bracelet
Patients may carry their own medication; assist with administration or retrieve contrast reaction kit

29
Q

What are the signs of asthma attack and what should you do?

A

Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, difficulty speaking in sentences
Help patient to sit, leaning them forward with support such as the x-ray table to lean on
Ask if they have asthma and where their medication is
Assist them in taking their medication often from a blue inhaler
Reassure the casualty
Call for nurse/doctor to assess as necessary

30
Q

What are the signs of shock and what should you do?

A

Patients especially those coming through ED must be protected against shock
This is also true if an incident has occurred in Radiology
Symptoms: Irritability, restlessness or anxiety; pale, cold, clammy; weak rapid pulse; rapid breathing; nausea, faint, unconscious
Lie down, raise legs
Keep warm
Reassure patient

31
Q

What should you do with trauma patients?

A

Monitor patients throughout the
procedure for consciousness
Briefly discussing procedural steps
and reassure the patient
Ensure the patient is kept warm and oxygen supply continued
Extra care needed for moving and handling
Minimise movement. Support fractures and joints with two hands, many lifters and the use of sponges and pillows
Use PPE

Professional practice (3 decks)

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