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Professional practice > Safety > Flashcards

Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Visual check of a patient - what are you looking for?

A

Is their face pale/green, clammy. Are they wincing?

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2
Q

What are the five levels of consciousness

A 
Conscious and alert
Conscious and confused
Unconscious, responds to voice
Unconscious, responds to pain
Unconscious no response
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3
Q

What are vital signs?

A

A measurement of the bodies most basic functions

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4
Q

What are the four main measures of vital signs?

A

Respiration rate
Pulse rate
Blood pressure (BP)
Body temperature

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5
Q

What is the average adult respiration rate?

A

14-18 breaths per minute

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6
Q

How do you count respiration?

A

Watch the chest or stomach rise and fall and count each set for 15 secs then multiple by 4 or if unsteady count for 30 secs and multiply by 2.

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7
Q

Describe three respiratory abnormalities

A

Tachypnea - respiration rates greater than 20 breaths per minute.
Bradypnea - decreased respiratory rate
Dyspnea - difficulty breathing

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8
Q

What is the normal adult resting pulse rate?

A

60-100 BPM

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9
Q

Describe two abnormal pulse rates

A

Tachycardia - greater than 100BPM in a resting adult

Bradycardia - decreased heart rate

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10
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure is the force exerted as blood is pumped around the arteries

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11
Q

What is the name for when the heart contracts?

A

systolic pressure

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12
Q

What is the name for when the heart is relaxed?

A

diastolic pressure

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13
Q

What is blood pressure (BP) measured with?

A

sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

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14
Q

What is the BP range for a healthy adult

A

BP is read as a ratio of systolic pressure over diastolic pressure.
Systolic range 95-140 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)
Diastolic range 60-90 mm Hg

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15
Q

Name two pathologies that affect BP

A

Hypertension - high BP (obesity, stress, smoking)

Hypotension - low BP causing dizziness, confusion (trauma, shock, bleeding, burns, exhaustion)

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16
Q

What is the normal adult temperature?

A

36-37 degrees Celsius

17
Q

Name two variations to normal temperature

A

Hyperthermia (Fever ) - temperature higher than 40 degrees (commonly from infection)
Hypothermia - low body temp

18
Q

What is on a crash cart?

A

Pulse oximeter - measures pulse and oxygen saturation in the blood with a laser light (normal saturation 95-100%)
ECG - uses electrodes to monitor the pulse and electrical rhythm of the heart (electrocardiogram)
Defibrillators - restores the heart to normal rhythm after atrial fibrillation by electrical shock
Oxygen, drugs, drug charts, intubation equipment, suction, ambi bag

19
Q

What should you do in an emergency?

A

Call for help
Assess the situation - don’t rush in and get hurt
Responsiveness and ABCs
Commence CPR
Dial 777 and get crash cart
Administer first aid for other conditions
Ensure patient is observed, reassured and comfortable

20
Q

What are bacteria?

A

Unicellular microorganisms that are constantly encountered in every habit on earth

21
Q

What are some common examples of bacteria?

A

E-coli, tuberculosis, meningitis, pneumonia, staphylococcus skin infections

22
Q

What is a virus?

A

Infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell.
Attaches to a host cell and once inside, creates the necessary proteins for replication

23
Q

Name common viruses

A

Covid-19, influenza, mumps, measles, norovirus

24
Q

What is fungus?

A

Fungi are organisms such as yeasts and mold that reproduce by spores.

25
Q

Name common fungi

A

Aspergillus, Candida

26
Q

What are parasites?

A

organisms that live on or within another organism and draw on them for nourishment.

27
Q

Name common parasites

A

Fleas, lice, tapeworms

28
Q

How are pathogens transmitted?

A

Droplet - bodily fluid such as saliva (influenza, colds)
Airborne (measles, chicken pox)
Blood borne (HIV, Hepatitis)
Skin to skin contact (warts)
Through bodily opening or wound (rotavirus)
Pathogens can be transferred to person by food to person.

29
Q

How is the spread of infection minimized in a hospital setting?

A

Hand washing, gloves, masks, protective clothing
Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue
Maintaining clean environments with wiping and damp dusting
Immunizations up to date
Following hospital guidelines when dealing with blood or contaminated products

30
Q

Which areas of the hospital require special precautions to minimize the spread of infection?

A

Operating theaters, wards, infectious disease areas

31
Q

What special precautions should you take on the wards?

A 
Wash hands on entering
Wear gowns and gloves when directed
Never put X-ray cassettes on the floor
Cover cassette with a pillow case
Clean cassette or machine after use
Dispose of pillow case, gown, gloves appropriately
Wash hands on exiting

Professional practice (3 decks)

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