Session 9 - Lecture 1 - Resp. System Flashcards
2 - Ribcage
The lungs are protected by a bony ribcage
- Third costal cartilage
- Sixth costal cartilage
- Second intercostal sapce
- Fifth intercostal sapce
- Midclavicular line
{Lungs (delicate tissue full of alveoli) surrounded by bony ribcage - 12 ribs. Lungs lie either side of heart, heart lies in mediastinum.
3rd CC - SVC
6th CC - end of body of sternum
2nd ICS - pulmonary artery?
5th ICS at MCL - apex beat)}
3 - Rib positions
You can locate the 2nd rib by finding the sternal angle between the manubrium and the sternum. The 2nd rib attaches at this point.
Ribs can be counted inferiorly.
The inferior aspect of each lung is curved upwards because it lies on top of the domed diaphragm.
{12 ribs: 2 floating.
CV module – listen for apex beat defined by particular rib etc.
Diaphragm is big curved muscular sheet lying underneath with abdo organs underneath – so can breathe without intercostal muscles if we choose can keep them still and just engage with diaphragmatic breathing if we want to
CC of 7 8 9 10 all attached at bottom of body.}
4 - Diaphragm
A chest X-ray (CXR) of a healthy individual often shows the domed diaphragm to be higher on the right on account of the liver.
{Lungs encased by bony ribcage. Liver - large organ lying underneath right hemidiaphragm}
5 - Membranes
The respiratory system contains:
a MUCOUS MEMBRANE which lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract. It bears mucus-secreting cells to varying degrees.
SEROUS MEMBRANES which line the pleural sacs which envelope each lung.
{all the way down, all the ramifying (form branches) divisions of conducting portion of RS is lined by MM. mucus-secreting cells not in final terminal sections but for most of its length.}
6 - Serous membranes
ANALOGY: Balloon represents the lining (serosa) of thoracic space.
Fist represents a lung.
Outer balloon wall (equivalent to PARIETAL serosa).
Inner balloon wall (equivalent to VISCERAL serosa).
Air (equivalent to lubricating
fluid of the pleural cavity).
{Fist forced into balloon}
7 - Pleurae
PLEURAE OF LUNGS
- Rib
- Visceral pleura
- Parietal pleura
LEFT LUNG
- Impression of aorta
- Impression of heart
- Lung is ‘shiny’ because covered by moist pleura.
{Lubricating fluid in between VP and PP.
Take out left lung and turn it around slightly.
Aorta - major artery
Moist pleura so tightly adhered to lung - can’t rly peel off. Alveoli just microns below that.}
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