Session 5.2a - Lecture 1 - Epithelial Tissues and Glands Flashcards
Slides 1 - 17
What are the glands connected with epithelial tissues?
Exocrine glands
What are the tissues connected with exocrine glands?
Epithelial tissues
In a histology course, we’d normally start with epithelial tissues. Why?
Not entirely sure, but mainly bc we’re encompassed by epithelium, so it’s a good place to start when we’re thinking about the tissues of the body.
Where does epithelium lie?
- On our outermost surface
- Lines every one of our internal body cavities.
What cell type are we encompassed by?
Epithelial tissue
What cell type is on our outermost surface?
Epithelium
What lines every one of our internal body cavities?
Epithelium
Name two types of epithelial membranes.
- Mucous membranes
- Serous membranes
What do mucous and serous membranes have in common?
They are types of epithelial membrane.
What is mucosae?
A mucous membrane (plural)
What is a mucous membrane otherwise know as?
Mucosae (plural)
What is serosae?
A serous membrane (plural)
What is a serous membrane otherwise know as?
Serosae (plural)
What is the singular form of mucosae?
Mucosa
What is mucosa?
The singular form of a mucous membrane
What is the singular form of serosae?
Serosa
What is serosa?
The singular form of a serous membrane
What are mucous membranes?
They line certain internal tubes which open to the exterior.
What is the name for that which lines certain internal tubes which open to the exterior?
Mucous membranes
Give 3 examples of internal tubes which open to the exterior, thus have mucous membranes.
i.e. the alimentary tract
the respiratory tract
the urinary tract
Why are these mucosae called mucous membranes?
These mucosae are called mucous membranes because they bear mucus-secreting cells to varying degrees
What is the spelling for the noun and adjective of mucous?
Noun - Mucus (thing)
Adjective - Mucous (description)
What is the noun of mucous?
Mucus, it is the thing
What is the adjective of mucous?
Mucous, with an O.
What does a mucous membrane consist of?
A MUCOUS MEMBRANE consists of:
• an epithelium (type depends on site) lining the lumen of a tube.
• an adjacent layer of connective tissue often referred to as the
lamina propria (literally ‘one’s own layer’).
• in the alimentary tract, a third layer consisting of smooth muscle
cells, referred to as the muscularis mucosae.
An epithelium, lamina propria and (in the case of the alimentary tract), the muscularis mucosae make up the what?
Mucous membrane
Describe the epithelium of the mucous membrane.
- The type depends on site
- Lines the lumen of a tube
What is the epithelial type of the mucous membrane?
Type depends on site
Where does the epithelium of a mucous membrane lay?
It lines the lumen of a tube
What is the lamina propria?
An adjacent layer of connective tissue
What is the adjacent layer of connective tissue in the mucous membrane called?
The lamina propria
What is lamina propria Latin for?
“one’s own layer”
What is the Latin for “one’s own layer”?
Lamina propria
Mucous membranes consist of an epithelium and the lamina propria. Sometimes there is a third layer. Where is this found?
The alimentary tract
What is the alimentary tract?
Alimentary (adj.) - relating to nourishment or sustenance.
i.e. digestive tract
What is the third layer of mucous membrane found in the alimentary tract called?
Muscularis mucosae
What is muscularis mucosae?
The third layer found in the mucous membrane consisting of a very THIN layer of smooth muscle cells (not the big thick layers, but a very thin layer)
What type of cells does muscularis mucosae consist of?
Smooth muscle cells
Describe the smooth muscle cells found in muscularis mucosae.
Very thin layer
Fig. 4
Caption this image.
MUCOSA OF GUT WALL lines the lumen
Fig. 4
Label this image.
- Muscularis mucosae
- Lamina propria
- Epithelium
} MUCOSA - (green) Aggregations of lymphocytes (Peyer’s patches) are often present in the lamina propria
- Mucosal gland
Fig. 4
What tract is this picture showing?
The alimentary tract
Fig. 4
How can you tell which muscle layer is muscularis mucosae?
- THIN layer of muscle (not this thicker layer of muscle out here that moves food along the alimentary tract)
- Next to lamina propria
Fig. 4
Label the muscle that moves food along the alimentary tract
The thick layer of muscle on the outside
Fig. 4
What is this thick layer of muscle on the outside?
The muscle that moves food along the alimentary tract - NOT the lamina propria
Fig. 4
How can you tell which layer is the lamina propria?
- White tissue
- NOT thick submucosa
- Lies in the mucosa itself
Fig. 4
What is the thicker white layer called?
Submucosa
i.e. under the mucosa
Fig. 4
Label the submucosa.
Thick white layer (not the lamina propria) - not in the mucosa.
Fig. 4
Which layer lies right next to the lumen of the tube?
The epithelium
What are the 3 layers that make up the mucosa?
- Epithelium
- Lamina propria
- Muscularis mucosae
Where are mucosal glands of the alimentary tract found?
In the lamina propria
What glands do we find in the lamina propria?
Mucosal glands
What are aggregations of lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the small intestine called?
Peyer’s patches (Fig. 4)
What are Peyer’s patches?
Aggregations of lymphocytes present in the lamina propria of the ileum of the small intestine. (Fig. 4)
What can we find in the lamina propria?
- Mucosal gland
- Aggregations of lymphocytes
Fig. 4
Where specifically is the lumen?
- Alimentary tract/gut wall
- -> Peyer’s patches = ileum of small intestine
Draw a cross section of the lumen and mucosa of the gut wall (4 marks).
See Fig. 4
- Muscularis mucosae (thin)
- Lamina propria (within mucosa)
- Epithelium
} MUCOSA - (green) Aggregations of lymphocytes (Peyer’s patches) are often present in the lamina propria
- Mucosal gland
1 mark - layers in the right place
1 - muscular mucosae is thin
1 - mucosal gland and Peyer’s patches
1 - submucosa and outer muscle for moving food correctly labelled
What are serous membranes?
SEROUS MEMBRANES are thin, two-part membranes which line certain closed body cavities (spaces that don’t open to the exterior).
What are thin, two-part membranes which line certain closed body cavities called?
Serous membranes
What are closed body cavities?
Spaces that don’t open to the exterior.
What do serous membranes envelop?
The viscera
What thin, two-part membrane envelops the viscera?
Serous membranes
Name 3 serous membranes.
- peritoneum
- pleural sac
- pericardial sac
What is the peritoneum?
Serous membrane which lines our abdomen and envelops many abdominal organs.
What is the function of the peritoneum?
That’s a serous membrane, that means all our internal viscera can move around fairly smoothly without getting caught on themselves.
What is the serous membrane which envelops the abdomen?
Peritoneum
What structure allows the internal viscera to move smoothly without friction?
Serous membranes
What do the pleural sacs envelop?
The lungs
What serous membrane envelops the lungs?
Pleural sacs
What is the function of the pleural sac?
We breathe in and out with minimal friction bc of the serous membranes forming the pleural sac, each lung lying in a pleural sac.
Why can we breathe in and out with minimal friction?
Each lung lies in a pleural sac - a serous membrane.
What does the pericardial sac envelop?
The heart
What serous membrane envelops the heart?
Pericardial sac
What is the function of the pericardial sac?
Our heart is beating with minimal friction bc it’s beating within 2 serous membranes lying right next to each other with some lubricating fluid between the pericardial sac.
How does the heart beat with minimal friction?
Because it’s lying within the pericardial sac - 2 serous membranes with some lubricating fluid inbetween.
What do serous membranes secrete?
Lubricating fluid
Which type of membrane secretes lubricating fluid?
Serous membrane (serosae)
What is the function of the lubricating fluid secreted by the serous membrane?
Promotes relatively friction-free movement of the structures they surround
What promotes relatively friction-free movement of the structures they surround?
Lubricating fluid secreted by serous membranes.
What does a serous membrane consist of?
• a simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) which secretes a
watery lubricating fluid.
• a thin layer of connective tissue which attaches the epithelium
to adjacent tissues (also carries blood vessels and nerves).