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ESA 1 - Body Logistics > Session 5.2a - Lecture 1 - Epithelial Tissues and Glands > Flashcards

Session 5.2a - Lecture 1 - Epithelial Tissues and Glands Flashcards

Slides 1 - 17

1
Q

What are the glands connected with epithelial tissues?

A

Exocrine glands

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2
Q

What are the tissues connected with exocrine glands?

A

Epithelial tissues

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3
Q

In a histology course, we’d normally start with epithelial tissues. Why?

A

Not entirely sure, but mainly bc we’re encompassed by epithelium, so it’s a good place to start when we’re thinking about the tissues of the body.

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4
Q

Where does epithelium lie?

A
  • On our outermost surface

- Lines every one of our internal body cavities.

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5
Q

What cell type are we encompassed by?

A

Epithelial tissue

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6
Q

What cell type is on our outermost surface?

A

Epithelium

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7
Q

What lines every one of our internal body cavities?

A

Epithelium

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8
Q

Name two types of epithelial membranes.

A
  • Mucous membranes

- Serous membranes

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9
Q

What do mucous and serous membranes have in common?

A

They are types of epithelial membrane.

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10
Q

What is mucosae?

A

A mucous membrane (plural)

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11
Q

What is a mucous membrane otherwise know as?

A

Mucosae (plural)

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12
Q

What is serosae?

A

A serous membrane (plural)

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13
Q

What is a serous membrane otherwise know as?

A

Serosae (plural)

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14
Q

What is the singular form of mucosae?

A

Mucosa

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15
Q

What is mucosa?

A

The singular form of a mucous membrane

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16
Q

What is the singular form of serosae?

A

Serosa

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17
Q

What is serosa?

A

The singular form of a serous membrane

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18
Q

What are mucous membranes?

A

They line certain internal tubes which open to the exterior.

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19
Q

What is the name for that which lines certain internal tubes which open to the exterior?

A

Mucous membranes

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20
Q

Give 3 examples of internal tubes which open to the exterior, thus have mucous membranes.

A

i.e. the alimentary tract
the respiratory tract
the urinary tract

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21
Q

Why are these mucosae called mucous membranes?

A

These mucosae are called mucous membranes because they bear mucus-secreting cells to varying degrees

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22
Q

What is the spelling for the noun and adjective of mucous?

A

Noun - Mucus (thing)

Adjective - Mucous (description)

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23
Q

What is the noun of mucous?

A

Mucus, it is the thing

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24
Q

What is the adjective of mucous?

A

Mucous, with an O.

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25
Q

What does a mucous membrane consist of?

A

A MUCOUS MEMBRANE consists of:
• an epithelium (type depends on site) lining the lumen of a tube.
• an adjacent layer of connective tissue often referred to as the
lamina propria (literally ‘one’s own layer’).
• in the alimentary tract, a third layer consisting of smooth muscle
cells, referred to as the muscularis mucosae.

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26
Q

An epithelium, lamina propria and (in the case of the alimentary tract), the muscularis mucosae make up the what?

A

Mucous membrane

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27
Q

Describe the epithelium of the mucous membrane.

A
  • The type depends on site

- Lines the lumen of a tube

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28
Q

What is the epithelial type of the mucous membrane?

A

Type depends on site

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29
Q

Where does the epithelium of a mucous membrane lay?

A

It lines the lumen of a tube

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30
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

An adjacent layer of connective tissue

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31
Q

What is the adjacent layer of connective tissue in the mucous membrane called?

A

The lamina propria

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32
Q

What is lamina propria Latin for?

A

“one’s own layer”

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33
Q

What is the Latin for “one’s own layer”?

A

Lamina propria

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34
Q

Mucous membranes consist of an epithelium and the lamina propria. Sometimes there is a third layer. Where is this found?

A

The alimentary tract

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35
Q

What is the alimentary tract?

A

Alimentary (adj.) - relating to nourishment or sustenance.

i.e. digestive tract

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36
Q

What is the third layer of mucous membrane found in the alimentary tract called?

A

Muscularis mucosae

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37
Q

What is muscularis mucosae?

A

The third layer found in the mucous membrane consisting of a very THIN layer of smooth muscle cells (not the big thick layers, but a very thin layer)

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38
Q

What type of cells does muscularis mucosae consist of?

A

Smooth muscle cells

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39
Q

Describe the smooth muscle cells found in muscularis mucosae.

A

Very thin layer

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40
Q

Fig. 4

Caption this image.

A

MUCOSA OF GUT WALL lines the lumen

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41
Q

Fig. 4

Label this image.

A
  • Muscularis mucosae
  • Lamina propria
  • Epithelium
    } MUCOSA
  • (green) Aggregations of lymphocytes (Peyer’s patches) are often present in the lamina propria
  • Mucosal gland
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42
Q

Fig. 4

What tract is this picture showing?

A

The alimentary tract

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43
Q

Fig. 4

How can you tell which muscle layer is muscularis mucosae?

A
  • THIN layer of muscle (not this thicker layer of muscle out here that moves food along the alimentary tract)
  • Next to lamina propria
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44
Q

Fig. 4

Label the muscle that moves food along the alimentary tract

A

The thick layer of muscle on the outside

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45
Q

Fig. 4

What is this thick layer of muscle on the outside?

A

The muscle that moves food along the alimentary tract - NOT the lamina propria

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46
Q

Fig. 4

How can you tell which layer is the lamina propria?

A
  • White tissue
  • NOT thick submucosa
  • Lies in the mucosa itself
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47
Q

Fig. 4

What is the thicker white layer called?

A

Submucosa

i.e. under the mucosa

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48
Q

Fig. 4

Label the submucosa.

A

Thick white layer (not the lamina propria) - not in the mucosa.

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49
Q

Fig. 4

Which layer lies right next to the lumen of the tube?

A

The epithelium

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50
Q

What are the 3 layers that make up the mucosa?

A
  • Epithelium
  • Lamina propria
  • Muscularis mucosae
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51
Q

Where are mucosal glands of the alimentary tract found?

A

In the lamina propria

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52
Q

What glands do we find in the lamina propria?

A

Mucosal glands

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53
Q

What are aggregations of lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the small intestine called?

A

Peyer’s patches (Fig. 4)

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54
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A

Aggregations of lymphocytes present in the lamina propria of the ileum of the small intestine. (Fig. 4)

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55
Q

What can we find in the lamina propria?

A
  • Mucosal gland

- Aggregations of lymphocytes

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56
Q

Fig. 4

Where specifically is the lumen?

A
  • Alimentary tract/gut wall

- -> Peyer’s patches = ileum of small intestine

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57
Q

Draw a cross section of the lumen and mucosa of the gut wall (4 marks).

A

See Fig. 4

  • Muscularis mucosae (thin)
  • Lamina propria (within mucosa)
  • Epithelium
    } MUCOSA
  • (green) Aggregations of lymphocytes (Peyer’s patches) are often present in the lamina propria
  • Mucosal gland

1 mark - layers in the right place
1 - muscular mucosae is thin
1 - mucosal gland and Peyer’s patches
1 - submucosa and outer muscle for moving food correctly labelled

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58
Q

What are serous membranes?

A

SEROUS MEMBRANES are thin, two-part membranes which line certain closed body cavities (spaces that don’t open to the exterior).

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59
Q

What are thin, two-part membranes which line certain closed body cavities called?

A

Serous membranes

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60
Q

What are closed body cavities?

A

Spaces that don’t open to the exterior.

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61
Q

What do serous membranes envelop?

A

The viscera

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62
Q

What thin, two-part membrane envelops the viscera?

A

Serous membranes

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63
Q

Name 3 serous membranes.

A
  • peritoneum
  • pleural sac
  • pericardial sac
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64
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Serous membrane which lines our abdomen and envelops many abdominal organs.

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65
Q

What is the function of the peritoneum?

A

That’s a serous membrane, that means all our internal viscera can move around fairly smoothly without getting caught on themselves.

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66
Q

What is the serous membrane which envelops the abdomen?

A

Peritoneum

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67
Q

What structure allows the internal viscera to move smoothly without friction?

A

Serous membranes

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68
Q

What do the pleural sacs envelop?

A

The lungs

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69
Q

What serous membrane envelops the lungs?

A

Pleural sacs

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70
Q

What is the function of the pleural sac?

A

We breathe in and out with minimal friction bc of the serous membranes forming the pleural sac, each lung lying in a pleural sac.

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71
Q

Why can we breathe in and out with minimal friction?

A

Each lung lies in a pleural sac - a serous membrane.

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72
Q

What does the pericardial sac envelop?

A

The heart

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73
Q

What serous membrane envelops the heart?

A

Pericardial sac

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74
Q

What is the function of the pericardial sac?

A

Our heart is beating with minimal friction bc it’s beating within 2 serous membranes lying right next to each other with some lubricating fluid between the pericardial sac.

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75
Q

How does the heart beat with minimal friction?

A

Because it’s lying within the pericardial sac - 2 serous membranes with some lubricating fluid inbetween.

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76
Q

What do serous membranes secrete?

A

Lubricating fluid

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77
Q

Which type of membrane secretes lubricating fluid?

A

Serous membrane (serosae)

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78
Q

What is the function of the lubricating fluid secreted by the serous membrane?

A

Promotes relatively friction-free movement of the structures they surround

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79
Q

What promotes relatively friction-free movement of the structures they surround?

A

Lubricating fluid secreted by serous membranes.

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80
Q

What does a serous membrane consist of?

A

• a simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) which secretes a
watery lubricating fluid.
• a thin layer of connective tissue which attaches the epithelium
to adjacent tissues (also carries blood vessels and nerves).

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81
Q

A simple squamous epithelium and thin layer of connective tissue which attaches epithelium to adjacent tissues is known as what?

A

Serous membrane

82
Q

What type of epithelium is found in serous membranes?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

83
Q

What do we call the simple squamous epithelium found in serous membranes?

A

Mesothelium

84
Q

What is the mesothelium?

A

Simple squamous epithelium found in serous membranes.

85
Q

What does the mesothelium do?

A

Secrete a watery lubricating fluid.

86
Q

What secretes a watery lubricating fluid in the serous membrane?

A

The mesothelium

87
Q

What is a complication of asbestosis?

A

Mesothelioma

88
Q

What causes mesothelioma?

A

Asbestosis

89
Q

What is asbestosis?

A

Asbestosis is a serious long-term lung condition caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos

90
Q

Long-term lung condition caused by prolonged exposure to asbestos is called what?

A

Asbestosis

91
Q

What is mesothelioma?

A

A cancer of the simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) of serous membranes.

92
Q

What is a cancer of the simple squamous epithelium of serous membranes known as?

A

Simple squamous epithelium = mesothelium

Mesothelioma

93
Q

In addition to the mesothelium (simple squamous), what does the serous membrane contain?

A

A thin layer of connective tissue which attaches the epithelium to adjacent tissues (also carries blood vessels and nerves)

94
Q

A thin layer of connective tissue which attaches the epithelium to adjacent tissues (also carries blood vessels and nerves) is found in which type of membrane?

A

Serous membrane

95
Q

Describe mucous and serous membranes.

A

A MUCOUS MEMBRANE consists of:
• an epithelium (type depends on site) lining the lumen of a tube.
• an adjacent layer of connective tissue often referred to as the lamina propria (literally ‘one’s own layer’).
• in the alimentary tract, a third layer consisting of smooth muscle cells, referred to as the muscularis mucosae.

A SEROUS MEMBRANE consists of:
• a simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) which secretes a watery lubricating fluid.
• a thin layer of connective tissue which attaches the epithelium to adjacent tissues (also carries blood vessels and nerves).

96
Q

When do the heart, lungs and gut develop next to a bag-like cavity into which they invaginate/intrude?

A

During embryonic development

97
Q

What happens to the heart, lungs and gut during embryonic development?

A

They develop next to a bag-like cavity into which they invaginate/intrude

98
Q

Which organs, during embryonic development, develop next to a bag-like cavity into which they invaginate/intrude?

A

Heart, lungs, gut

99
Q

What is the bag-like cavity surrounding the heart, lungs and gut called?

A

Serous membrane

100
Q

Explain the relationship of the serous membrane to the heart, lungs and gut.

A

They are surrounded by it, but do NOT lie within the serous cavity itself

101
Q

Explain the relationship of the serous cavity to the heart, lungs and gut.

A

They do NOT lie within the serous cavity itself (but are surrounded by the serous MEMBRANE)

102
Q

Fig. 7

Label the image (as an analogy to serous membranes).

A
  • Outer balloon wall (equivalent to PARIETAL serosa).
  • Inner balloon wall (equivalent to VISCERAL serosa).
  • Air (equivalent to lubricating fluid of the serous cavity).
103
Q

Draw an image depicting serous membranes.

A

See Fig. 7 (accept analogy)

  • Outer balloon wall (equivalent to PARIETAL serosa).
  • Inner balloon wall (equivalent to VISCERAL serosa).
  • Air (equivalent to lubricating fluid of the serous cavity).
104
Q

Fig. 7

Explain what the balloon and fist represent.

A

Balloon represents the lining (serosa) of a body cavity.

Fist represents an organ like the heart, lung, or gut.

105
Q

What is the analogy of serous membranes?

A

A bit like a chi fist into a poorly deflated balloon.

106
Q

What do the heart, lung and many visceral organs do during embryological development?

A

Develop into a sac and intrude into it.

107
Q

Which organs develop into a sac and intrude into it?

A

Heart, lungs and many visceral organs.

108
Q

What does the balloon represent in the serosal membrane analogy?

A

The lining (serosa) of a body cavity.

109
Q

What is akin to the lining (serosa) of a body cavity in serous membrane analogies?

110
Q

What does the first represent in the serosal membrane analogy?

A

Fist represents an organ like the heart, lung or gut

111
Q

How are organs like the heart, lung or gut represented in serous membrane analogies?

A

Like a clenched fish (in a poorly deflated balloon).

112
Q

What are the two serosal membranes?

A
  • Parietal

- Visceral

113
Q

What is the outer serosal membrane called?

A

Parietal serosa

114
Q

What is the inner serosal membrane called?

A

Visceral serosa

115
Q

Parietal serosa is the _____ serosal membrane.

116
Q

Visceral serosa is the _____ serosal membrane.

117
Q

What is in between the two serosal membranes?

A

Lubricating fluid

118
Q

Where is lubricating fluid of the serous cavity found?

A

In between the two serosal membranes (parietal [outer] and visceral [inner]).

119
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

The membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane (parietal and visceral serosa).

120
Q

What is the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane called?

A

Pericardium

121
Q

What does the heart lie in?

A

The pericardium - like a balloon into which it’s protruded or invaginated during embryological development

122
Q

The pericardium contains …

123
Q

Where does the visceral serosa of the pericardium lie?

A

Right next to the heart muscle

124
Q

What part of the pericardium lies right next to the heart muscle?

A

Visceral serosa

125
Q

Where does the parietal serosa of the pericardium lie?

A

On the outer edge of the, sort of lying next to, the left lung

126
Q

What part of the pericardium lies on the outer edge of the, sort of lying next to, the left lung?

A

Parietal serosa

127
Q

Where is the lubricating fluid in serous membranes?

A

In between the parietal and visceral serosa

128
Q

What lies between the parietal and visceral serosa?

A

Lubricating fluid

129
Q

What is the function of the lubricating fluid in the pericardium?

A

Allows the heart to beat with minimal friction.

130
Q

What allows the heart to beat with minimal friction?

A

Lubricating fluid

131
Q

Fig. 8

Label and caption the image.

A

PERICARDIAL SAC

  • Visceral serosa of pericardium.
  • Parietal serosa of pericardium.
132
Q

Draw the pericardial sac outline.

A

See Fig. 8

PERICARDIAL SAC
- Visceral serosa of pericardium.
- Parietal serosa of pericardium.
Lubricating fluid in between

133
Q

Fig. 8

Indicate where the lubricating fluid lies.

A

In between the two membranes (parietal and visceral) of the serosa

134
Q

Describe where the pleurae of the lungs lie from superficial to deep.

A
  • Rib
  • Parietal pleura
  • Lubricating fluid
  • Visceral pleura
  • Lungs
135
Q

Where is the visceral pleura of the lungs?

A

REALLY closely attached, just microns away from the alveoli

136
Q

What is attached to the lungs, just microns away from the alveoli?

A

Visceral pleura

137
Q

What is the pleural cavity structure?

A
  • Parietal pleura
  • Lubricating fluid
  • Visceral pleura
138
Q

Where is the parietal pleura of the lungs?

A

Right next to the rib and intercostal muscles

139
Q

Which pleura lies right next to the rib and intercostal muscles?

140
Q

Which pleura lies right next to the lungs?

141
Q

Describe the location of the parietal and visceral pleura.

A

Parietal - next to the rib and intercostal muscles

Visceral - next to the lungs

142
Q

What is the function of the lubricating fluid in the lungs?

A

So the lungs can move independently to the ribs

143
Q

What allows the lungs to move independently to the ribs?

A

The lubricating fluid

144
Q

Fig. 9 (top)

Label and caption the image.

A

PLEURAE OF LUNGS

  • Visceral pleura
  • Rib
  • Parietal pleura
145
Q

Fig. 9 (bottom)

Label and caption the image.

A

LEFT LUNG which has been taken out and twisted sideways

  • Lung is ‘shiny’ because covered by moist pleura (visceral)
  • Impression of aorta
  • Impression of heart
146
Q

Draw the pleurae of the lungs.

A

See Fig. 9 (top)

PLEURAE OF LUNGS

  • Visceral pleura
  • Rib
  • Parietal pleura
  • Lungs (alveoli)
147
Q

Draw the lung from prosection.

A

See Fig. 9 (bottom)

LEFT LUNG which has been taken out and twisted sideways

  • Lung is ‘shiny’ because covered by moist pleura (visceral)
  • Impression of aorta
  • Impression of heart
148
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

The serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity. It has many of the viscthat will have protruded into it.

149
Q

What is the serous membrane that covers the abdominal cavity called?

A

The peritoneum

150
Q

Name some organs the peritoneum covers.

A
  • Small intestine (e.g. duodenum, ileum)
  • Stomach
  • Transverse colon
  • Liver
151
Q

Describe the relationship of some of the abdominal organs to the serosa?

A
  • Stomach surrounded by serosa
  • Transverse colon completely surrounded by serosa
  • Bladder has serosa on one side but not completely surrounded by it
152
Q

Fig. 10

Label and caption the image.

A

THE PERITONEUM

  • Parietal peritoneum
  • Visceral peritoneum
  • Stomach
  • Transverse colon
  • Duodenum
  • Ileum

Sagittal section

153
Q

Draw a sagittal section of the peritoneum and the organs it covered.

A

See Fig. 10

THE PERITONEUM

  • Parietal peritoneum
  • Visceral peritoneum
  • Stomach (fully covered by it)
  • Transverse colon (fully covered by it)
  • Duodenum
  • Ileum
  • Bladder (serosa only on one side)
154
Q

What are epithelia?

A

Sheets of contiguous cells, of varied embryonic origin, that cover the external surface of the body and line internal surfaces

155
Q

What are the sheets of contiguous cells, of varied embryonic origin, that cover the external surface of the body and line internal surfaces?

156
Q

What embryonic origin are epithelia derived from?

157
Q

How are the cells arranged in epithelia?

A

Sheets of contiguous cells

158
Q

What do epithelia cover and line?

A

The external surface of the body (and line the internal surface)

159
Q

What do epithelia line?

A

Internal surface (but cover the external surface)

160
Q

Surfaces with epithelial linings can be?

A
  • Exterior surface
  • Interior spaces opening to exterior
  • Interior spaces which do not open to the exterior
161
Q

Give an example of an epithelium that is an exterior surface?

162
Q

Give examples of epithelia that are interior spaces opening to exterior?

A
  • gastrointestinal tract
  • respiratory tract
  • genitourinary tract
163
Q

Give examples of epithelia that are interior spaces which do not open to the exterior?

A
  • pericardial sac
  • pleural sacs
  • peritoneum
  • blood vessels
  • lymphatic vessels
164
Q

What type of epithelia is the skin?

A

(The epidermis is) stratified squamous keratinised epithelium

165
Q

What part of the skin is stratified squamous keratinised epithelium?

166
Q

As well as our pericardial sac, pleural sac and peritoneum, what other interior space is lined by epithelia, that is not open to the exterior?

A

Blood vessels

Lymphatic vessels

167
Q

List the surfaces with epithelial linings.

A

Exterior surface:
skin

Interior spaces opening to exterior:
gastrointestinal tract
respiratory tract
genitourinary tract

Interior spaces which do not open to the exterior:
pericardial sac
pleural sacs
peritoneum
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels
168
Q

What terms can we use to describe epithelia?

A
  • simple
  • stratified/compound
  • pseudostratified
  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
  • transitional
169
Q

How can we categorise eptithelia?

A
  • Simple

- Stratified/compound

170
Q

What does SIMPLE epithelia mean?

A

One cell layer thick

171
Q

What does STRATIFIED/COMPOUND epithelia mean?

A

More than one cell layer thick (i.e., two or more)

172
Q

How can we classify simple epithelia?

A

SQUAMOUS
CUBOIDAL
COLUMNAR
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

173
Q

How can we classify stratified/compound epithelia?

A

SQUAMOUS
CUBOIDAL
COLUMNAR
TRANSITIONAL

174
Q

What is squamous epithelia?

175
Q

What is cuboidal epithelia?

A

Approximately square in cross-section

176
Q

What is columnar epithelia?

A

Cells that are higher than they are wide

177
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelia?

A

Cells that have an appearance of being more than one cell layer thick, but are not (hence, by definition, can only be found in simple epithelia)

178
Q

What is transitional epithelia?

A

Epithelia that changes. (Can only find this in stratified epithelia).

179
Q

Explain how we classify epithelia.

A 
SIMPLE (one cell layer thick)
SQUAMOUS - flattened
CUBOIDAL - sq. in cross section
COLUMNAR - higher than wide
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED - looks like >1 cell layer

STRATIFIED / COMPOUND
(more than one cell layer thick)
SQUAMOUS
CUBOIDAL 
COLUMNAR (as above)
TRANSITIONAL - changes
180
Q

What does simple squamous epithelium sit on?

A

Basement membrane

181
Q

What does every epithelium sit on?

A

Basement membrane

182
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

A very thin, flexible, acellular layer that every epithelium sits on. Subtending connective tissue lies underneath.

183
Q

What lies on the epithelial side of the basement membrane?

A

Exterior (if it’s the skin)
or
Lumen (of gut/blood vessel etc.)

184
Q

Where does the exterior (skin) or lumen (gut/blood vessel etc.) sit on?

A

The opposite side to the epithelia attached to the basement membrane.

185
Q

Describe the appearance of simple squamous epithelia.

A
  • Really thin
  • Flattened
  • Nuclei often thicker than cell cytoplasm itself
  • Looks like a fried egg in a frying pan
186
Q

What is the thin acellular layer that epithelial cells sit on called?

A

Basement membrane

187
Q

Which epithelial type appears very thin?

A

Simple squamous

188
Q

Which epithelial type appears flattened?

A

Simple squamous

189
Q

In which epithelia does the nuclei often thicker than cell cytoplasm itself?

A

Simple squamous

190
Q

Which epithelia looks like a fried egg in a frying pan?

A

Simple squamous

191
Q

Fig. 15

Label this image

A
  • Simple squamous epithelium (note it looks thin, flat, nuclei thicker than cell cytoplasm like a fried egg)
  • Basement membrane (drawn much thicker than it actually is)
192
Q

Draw an image of simple squamous epithelium.

A

See Fig. 15

  • Simple squamous epithelium (note it looks thin, flat, nuclei thicker than cell cytoplasm like a fried egg)
  • Basement membrane (drawn much thicker than it actually is)
193
Q

Why do we have different types of epithelium?

A

To do with their function.

194
Q

What is the position, structure and function of the basement membrane?

A

Position: lies between epithelial cells and subtending connective tissue (underneath)

Structure: thin, flexible, acellular layer

Function: - serves as a strong flexible layer to which epithelial cells adhere

  • serves as a cellular and molecular filter
  • degree to which malignant cells penetrate BM is highly relevant to prognosis
195
Q

Where does the basement membrane sit?

A

Between epithelial cells and subtending connective tissue.

196
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A
  • To serve as a strong flexible layer to which epithelial cells adhere
  • Also serves as a cellular/molecular filter
197
Q

Why is the basement membrane important clinically?

A

The degree to which malignant cells penetrate basement membrane (where it can breakthrough to subtending CT) is highly relevant to prognosis

198
Q

What is on the other side of the basement membrane, other than epithelial cells?

A

Subtending connective tissue (always some CT underneath)

199
Q

Give an example of where an epithelium can become malignant?

A

E.g. malignant melanoma

200
Q

What is the difference between basement membrane and basal lamina?

A

BM - thin acellular layer on which epithelia sit

BL - part of basement membrane

NB: the two are used inconsistently in the literature - use basement membrane

ESA 1 - Body Logistics (18 decks)

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