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ESA 1 - Body Logistics > Session 5.2b - Lecture 1 - Epithelial Tissues and Glands > Flashcards

Session 5.2b - Lecture 1 - Epithelial Tissues and Glands Flashcards

Slides 17 - 36

1
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

Often used interchangeably with basement membrane, but it forms a part of the basement membrane. (Won’t come across term much)

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2
Q

What is simple squamous epithelia?

A

A single layer of thin, squamous cells

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3
Q

What do we call a single layer of thin, squamous cells?

A

Simple squamous epithelia

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4
Q

Fig. 18

Caption this image

A

Simple squamous

Dashed line indicates if we took a cross-section

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5
Q

Draw simple squamous epithelia.

Now draw a dashed line indicating a cross-section.

A

See Fig. 18

Simple squamous

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6
Q

Fig. 19

Caption and label this image.

A

A glomerulus stained with PAS.

Simple squamous epithelium forms the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

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7
Q

Draw a glomerulus on a histology slide.

A

See Fig. 19

A glomerulus stained with PAS.

Simple squamous epithelium forms the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

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8
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

A network of capillaries known as a tuft, at one end of the nephron (the functional unit of the kidney)

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9
Q

What is the function of the glomerulus?

A

Loops around around with blood going in and out - filtering the blood, which is what the kidney does

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10
Q

What’s the basic unit of a kidney?

A

The nephron

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11
Q

What is the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Bounding edge on the free space, that performs the first step in the filtration of blood (first filtrate being produced)

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12
Q

What epithelium lines the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Simple squamous epithelium.

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13
Q

Simple squamous epithelium on a histology slide appears how?

A

Dark blue nucleus

Cytoplasm barely visible bc it’s so thin, as is the basement membrane

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14
Q

How does the nucleus appear on a simple squamous epithelium histology slide?

A

Dark blue - big

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15
Q

How does the cytoplasm appear on a simple squamous epithelium histology slide?

A

Barely visible bc it’s so thin

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16
Q

How does the basement membrane appear on a simple squamous epithelium histology slide?

A

Barely visible bc it’s so thin

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17
Q

What is the tuft of blood capillaries called in the kidney?

A

The glomerulus

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18
Q

What filters blood in and out of the kidney?

A

The first step is blood filters from the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.

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19
Q

What epithelium lines the arteriole?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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20
Q

How does the endothelium of an arteriole appear on a histology slide?

A

Has much smaller nuclei than the bigger ones of smooth muscle that surround the arteriole

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21
Q

What surrounds an arteriole?

A
  • Endothelium
  • Basement membrane
  • Smooth musclw
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22
Q

What epithelium lines the venules?

A

Simple squamous epithelium - appears flattened, thin, single layer of cells lining it

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23
Q

What epithelium lines the lymphatics?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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24
Q

What do we call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood system/vascular elements?

A

Endothelium

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25
Q

What is endothelium?

A

The simple squamous epithelium that lines all vascular elements (arterial, venous, capillary and lymphatic) - i.e. the blood system

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26
Q

What epithelium lines the glandular duct in a neurovascular bundle?

A

Stratified cuboidal (slide) / columnar (voice) epithelium

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27
Q

Fig. 20

Label the image.

A

A L L D V

A neurovascular bundle.

Simple squamous epithelium lines the lumen of an arteriole (A), a venule (V), and two lymphatics (L).

(D = duct lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium)

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28
Q

Draw how a neurovascular bundle would appear on a histology slide. Identify the epithelia that would surround the structures.

A

See Fig. 20

A L L D V

A neurovascular bundle.

Simple squamous epithelium lines the lumen of an arteriole (A), a venule (V), and two lymphatics (L).

(D = duct lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium)

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29
Q

Fig. 20

What is surrounding the arteriole?

A

(Big circle)

A layer of simple squamous epithelia

Smooth muscle further around that

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30
Q

How can we identify simple squamous epithelia on a histology slide?

A

They have a flattened, thin, single layer of cells lining them

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31
Q

Fig. 21

What structure is this figure showing?

A

Something as small as a capillary, could call it a capillary

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32
Q

Fig. 21

What does the structure have inside of it?

A

RBCs coursing along it

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33
Q

Fig. 21

Describe the appearance of what is lining the ‘capillary’.

A

Flattened nuclei of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium).

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34
Q

Why is the capillary lined with simple squamous epithelium?

A

This endothelium is really important for immunological cells to get through that, to come in the blood and to migrate through that into diseased tissues and so on

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35
Q

How is the capillary specialised for immunological cells to migrate through the blood?

A

Capillaries are lined with endothelium, which are simple (one cell layer thick) squamous epithelia - meaning immunological cells can migrate into the blood and travel to diseased tissues.

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36
Q

What are the structures lined by endothelium in the vascular system?

A
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
  • Lymphatics
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37
Q

What is the function of the endothelium?

A
  • Exchange gases and nutrients
  • Allows certain blood cells to enter the tissues
  • Regulate platelet coagulation
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38
Q

How is the endothelium specialised for its function?

A
  • THIN to allow gas/nutrient exchange

- Cells can DRAW APART to allow MIGRATORY CELLS to go through, including WBCs

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39
Q

What is the difference between endothelium and mesothelium?

A

Endothelium - simple squamous epithelium that lines vascular elements (e.g. arteries, veins, capillaries, lymphatics)

Mesothelium - simple squamous epithelium that lines serous membranes (e.g. pleural sac, pericardial sac, peritoneum)

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40
Q

Fig. 21

Label the image.

A

The simple squamous epithelium lining all vascular elements (arterial, venous, capillary and lymphatic) is termed ENDOTHELIUM.

  • Endothelium can exchange gases and nutrients, allow certain blood cells to enter the tissues, and regulate platelet coagulation.

(When simple squamous epithelium lines the pleural sac, the pericardial sac, and the peritoneum, it is termed MESOTHELIUM).

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41
Q

Draw a capillary on the histology slide. Label the endothelium (drawn accurately).

A

See Fig. 21

The simple squamous epithelium lining all vascular elements (arterial, venous, capillary and lymphatic) is termed ENDOTHELIUM.

  • Endothelium can exchange gases and nutrients, allow certain blood cells to enter the tissues, and regulate platelet coagulation.

(When simple squamous epithelium lines the pleural sac, the pericardial sac, and the peritoneum, it is termed MESOTHELIUM).

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42
Q

What blood cells does the endothelium allow to enter the tissues?

A

Migratory cells and WBCs.

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43
Q

What are the functions of the simple squamous epithelium?

A
  • Lubrication
  • Gas exchange
  • Barrier
  • Active transport by pinocytosis
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44
Q

Simple squamous epithelium plays an important function in lubrication. Where is this a major function?

A

Pericardium
Pleura
Peritoneum/viscera

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45
Q

What is the problem with lubrication from simple squamous epithelium?

A

Secretion of fluid can be excessive.

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46
Q

Give 2 examples of how secretion of fluid from serous membranes can be excessive.

A

Fluid from serous membranes is normally very little/thin. However, it can accumulate in:

  • Hydrocoele around testis
  • Excessive fluid in pleural space
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47
Q

What is a hydrocoele?

A

An accumulation of serous fluid in a body cavity. It is often used to describe the accumulation of fluids around a testicle (hydrocoele testis).

It is often caused by fluid secreted from a remnant piece of peritoneum wrapped around the testicle, called the tunica vaginalis

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48
Q

What is the hydrocoele around the testis?

A

An accumulation of the clear serous fluid, which is normally present in just a thin amount.

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49
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

A pouch of serous membrane that covers the testis, derived from the peritoneum.

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50
Q

What is a hydrocoele around testis?

A

Accumulation of clear serous fluid between visceral and parietal layers of tunica vaginalis.

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51
Q

What can excess serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis lead to?

A

Hydrocoele around the testis (accumulation of clear serous fluid between visceral and parietal layers of tunica vaginalis)

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52
Q

What is excessive fluid in the pleural space around the lungs called?

A

Pleural effusion

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53
Q

What is a pleural effusion?

A

When there is excess fluid in the pleural space around the lungs

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54
Q

How is a pleural effusion normally treated?

A

Chest drain via a needle to drain fluid off, allowing lung to expand fully

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55
Q

What do you need to be careful about in pleural effusion drainage?

A
  • How it’s drained
  • Where the needle’s placed
  • Where to put that needle to drain the fluid off
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56
Q

Where are simple squamous epithelium found in the alveoli?

A
  • They line the capillaries coursing through the alveoli

- They line the Type 1 pneumocytes which are the major cells forming the walls of the capillary

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57
Q

What are Type 1 pneumocytes?

A

Major cells forming the walls of the pulmonary alveoli (cover approx. 90-95% of its surface and are involved in gas exchange).

They are simple squamous cells.

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58
Q

Give an example where simple squamous epithelium is important for gas exchange.

A

Type 1 pneumocytes of pulmonary alveoli.

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59
Q

Explain how simple squamous epithelium is important for type 1 pneumocytes of pulmonary alveoli.

A

Gas exchange -

SSE is very thin so gas has only to travel across something just a fraction of a micron to move from the air into the RBCs of the capillaries

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60
Q

Explain how the simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli is related to its function.

A

SSE is very thin so gas has only to travel across something just a fraction of a micron to move from the air into the RBCs of the capillaries, therefore aids the function of gas exchange.

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61
Q

Give an example of where the simple squamous epithelium acts as a barrier.

A

In the Bowman’s capsule (barrier for filtration).

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62
Q

What is the function of the simple squamous epithelium in the Bowman’s capsule?

A

To act as a barrier - it is a filtration barrier from the glomerulus to the Bowman’s capsule in the nephron.

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63
Q

Where is the simple squamous epithelium capable of active transport by pinocytosis?

A

Mesothelium & endothelium

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64
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A
  • The ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.
  • Pinocytosis (fluid endocytosis) is a mode of endocytosis in which small particles suspended in extracellular fluid are brought into the cell through an invagination of the cell membrane, resulting in a suspension of the particles within a small vesicle inside the cell.
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65
Q

The ingestion of liquid into a cell by budding of the cell membrane into vesicles is know as what process?

A

Pinocytosis

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66
Q

What is the relationship between pinocytosis and simple squamous epithelium?

A

Simple squamous epithelium has a function of active transport by pinocytosis in the mesothelium and endothelium.

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67
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

A single layer of polygonal cells, whose height and width are approximately equal.

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68
Q

A single layer of polygonal cells, whose height and width are approximately equal is which type of epithelium?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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69
Q

What shape are simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Polygonal from the top, but approximately equal height and width (i.e. cuboidal)

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70
Q

How many layers of cells is a simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

One (simple = 1 cell layer)

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71
Q

Fig. 23

Caption and label this image.

A

Simple cuboidal: a single layer of polygonal cells, whose height and width are approximately equal.

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72
Q

Draw an image of simple cuboidal cells from the top, with a basement membrane underneath.

A

See Fig. 23

Simple cuboidal: a single layer of polygonal cells, whose height and width are approximately equal.

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73
Q

How do simple cuboidal epithelium look in cross-section?

A

Cuboidal

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74
Q

A ‘cuboidal’ looking single layer of cells is seen in cross-section. What type of epithelium does this represent?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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75
Q

What is a neurovascular bundle?

A

The combination of nerves, arteries, veins, and lymphatics in the body that travel together.

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76
Q

The combination of nerves, arteries, veins, and lymphatics in the body that travel together is known as what?

A

A neurovascular bundle

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77
Q

Give examples of where you would find simple squamous epithelium.

A

MESOTHELIUM - serous membranes surrounding the:

  • – pericardium (heart)
  • – pleural sac (lungs)
  • – peritoneum (abdominal cavity)

ENDOTHELIUM - the vascular system

  • arteries
  • veins
  • capillaries
  • lymphatics

Miscellaneous:
Bowman’s capsule (kidney)
Alveoli (lungs)
Tunica vaginalis (testis) (NB: derived from peritoneum)

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78
Q

Fig. 24

Annotate this image

A

Lumen of duct

  • Simple cuboidal epithelium lining a pancreatic duct
  • Connective tissue
79
Q

Draw a pancreatic duct as it should look on a histology slide.

A

See Fig. 24

Lumen of duct

  • Simple cuboidal epithelium lining a pancreatic duct
  • Connective tissue
80
Q

What epithelia surrounds pancreatic ducts?

A

Depends on the size

Smaller - simple cuboidal
Larger - simple columnar

81
Q

What lies underneath the epithelia of a pancreatic duct?

A

Connective tissue

82
Q

What lines the thyroid gland follicles?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

83
Q

What does simple cuboidal epithelium line relating to the thyroid?

A

Thyroid gland follicles

84
Q

What do the simple cuboidal cells of the thyroid gland follicles sit and lie on?

A

The basement membrane, and it lies against another thyroid follicle

85
Q

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

A

An endocrine gland

86
Q

Why are the capillaries around the thyroid gland important?

A

Because it is an endocrine gland (secretes products directly into the blood)

87
Q

What is the main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroxine (T4)

88
Q

Where is thyroxine synthesised?

A

In the epithelial cells of the follicles in the thyroid gland.

89
Q

What is the function of thyroxine?

A

Gives us our metabolic rate/influences it hugely

90
Q

Which hormone secreted by the thyroid gives us our metabolic rate/influences it hugely?

A

Thyroxine

91
Q

What releases thyroxine?

A

The thyroid gland follicles make thyroxine in the simple cuboidal epithelium and store it in the colloid (fluid-filled centre) of the cell.

92
Q

Where is thyroxine released to?

A

(From the thyroid gland follicular cells into) capillaries

93
Q

What happens to thyroxine after it is released?

A

Released by these cells into capillaries here and courses around our body.

94
Q

What is the function of the simple cuboidal epithelium in thyroid gland follicular cells?

A
  • Turns iodine into iodide
  • This iodinates tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin
  • This puts the thyroglobulin in the colloid
  • Takes the iodine and iodinated tyrosines off to form thyroxine
95
Q

What chemical transformation occurs first in the production of thyroglobulin?

A

Iodine into iodide

96
Q

What happens to produce thyroglobulin?

A

Tyrosine residues are iodinated

97
Q

What is special about the colloid?

A

It is , the only place in the body where we store secretory products like this

98
Q

How do we make thyroxine from thyroglobulin?

A

Take off the iodine and iodinated tyrosine.

99
Q

What is the shape of thyroid gland follicles?

A

Each follicle is approximately spherical.

100
Q

Fig. 25

Caption and label this image.

A

Colloid

Simple cuboidal epithelium bounding thyroid gland follicles. Each follicle is approximately spherical.

The epithelial cells synthesise thyroxine, store it in colloid, and transport it to the
bloodstream.

(Arrows show fine blood
capillaries)

101
Q

Draw a picture of thyroid gland follicles, as seen on a histology slide.

A

See Fig. 25

Simple cuboidal epithelium (1) bounding thyroid gland follicles (1). Each follicle is approximately spherical. (1)

The epithelial cells synthesise thyroxine, store it in colloid (1), and transport it to the
bloodstream.

(Arrows show fine blood
capillaries (1))

102
Q

Where in the kidney has simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Collecting ducts

103
Q

Name 2 places with simple cuboidal epithelium.

A
  • Thyroid gland follicles

- Collecting ducts of hte kidneys

104
Q

Fig. 26

Caption this image (4 marks)

A

The same simple cuboidal epithelium (1) lining collecting ducts (1) of the kidney (1). (transverse section) (1)

105
Q

Draw the collecting ducts of the kidney as it would appear on a histology slide.

A

See Fig. 26

The same simple cuboidal epithelium (1) lining collecting ducts (1) of the kidney (1). (transverse section) (1)

106
Q

Tissue website (not a question)

A

http://histology.medicine.umich.edu/full-slide-list

107
Q

http://histology.medicine.umich.edu/full-slide-list

A

Access tissue slides

108
Q

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Its functions are multiple:

  • Absorption and conduit (in exocrine glands)
  • Absorption and secretion (kidney tubules)
  • A barrier or covering (to the ovary)
  • Hormone synthesis, storage and mobilisation (in the thyroid gland)
109
Q

Parts of exocrine glands, kidney tubules, ovary and thyroid glands have which epithelia in common?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelia

110
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium in the exocrine gland?

A

Absorption and conduit (channels)

111
Q

Where does simple cuboidal epithelium have the function of absorption and conduit?

A

Exocrine glands

112
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium in the kidney tubules?

A

Absorption and secretion

113
Q

Where does simple cuboidal epithelium have the function of absorption and secretion?

A

Kidney tubules

114
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium in the ovary?

A

Barrier/covering

115
Q

Where does simple cuboidal epithelium have the function of barrier/covering?

A

Ovary

116
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium in the thyroid?

A

Hormone synthesis, storage and mobilisation

117
Q

Where does simple cuboidal epithelium have the function of hormone synthesis, storage and mobilisation?

A

Thyroid

118
Q

What are simple columnar cells?

A

A single layer of cells, whose heights are significantly greater than their widths.

119
Q

Which type of epithelium is a single layer of cells, whose heights are significantly greater than their widths?

A

Simple columnar

120
Q

Fig. 29

Caption and label this image.

A

Simple columnar (1): a single layer (1) of cells, whose heights are significantly greater than their widths (1).

121
Q

Draw simple columnar epithelium.

A

See Fig. 29

Simple columnar: a single layer (1) of cells, whose heights are significantly greater than their widths (1).

Basement membrane.

122
Q

What epithelia predominantly lines much of the GI tract?

A

Simple columnar

123
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelia predominant found?

A

Lining much of the GI tract - all the way from the stomach to the anus.

124
Q

What is an intestinal gland also known as?

A

Crypts of Lieberkühn

125
Q

What are crypts of Lieberkühn?

A

Intestinal glands

126
Q

Where are crypts of Lieberkühn found?

A

Intestinal glands - in the small and large intestine (colon)

127
Q

What do crypts of Lieberkühn look like?

A

Tubular structure - long invaginations lining the lumen of hte colon

128
Q

What is sometimes referred to as a tubular gland in the GI tract, and why?

A

The crypts of Lieberkühn - they are intestinal glands which form invaginated structure and release mucous

129
Q

What is the function of the crypts of Lieberkühn?

A

To release mucous

130
Q

Which cells release mucous in the colon?

A

Crypts of Lieberkühn

131
Q

What is the epithelial structure of crypts of Lieberkühn?

A

Simple columnar epithelium - columnar in shape and one cell layer thick

132
Q

Fig. 30

Caption the image

A

A mucous membrane

  • Epithelium (type depends on site)
  • Lamina propria (CT tissue - ‘one’s own tissue’)
  • Mucosa (i.e. mucous membrane)
  • Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle cells, only found in alimentary tract)

(see slide 3)

133
Q

Draw a histology image showing the crypts of Lieberkühn.

A

See Fig. 30

A mucous membrane

  • Epithelium (type depends on site)
  • Lamina propria (CT tissue - ‘one’s own tissue’)
  • Mucosa (i.e. mucous membrane)
  • Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle cells, only found in alimentary tract)

(see slide 3 for defintions)

Simple columnar epithelium lining the crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands) in the mucosa of the colon.

The crypts have been longitudinally sectioned.

(Arrows show opening of the crypts at the colon surface).

134
Q

Fig. 30

Caption this image

A

Simple columnar epithelium lining the crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands) in the mucosa of the colon.

The crypts have been longitudinally sectioned.

(Arrows show opening of the crypts at the colon surface).

135
Q

Fig. 30

Caption and label this image.

A
  • epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • mucosa
  • muscular mucosae

Simple columnar epithelium lining the crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands) in the mucosa of the colon.

The crypts have been longitudinally sectioned.

(Arrows show opening of the crypts at the colon surface).

136
Q

Fig. 31

How was this cross-section taken?

A

It is a transverse section, and it is at a slightly higher magnification than the last image.

137
Q

Fig. 31

Describe the epithelium lining these cells, including their nucleus.

A

Cells are columnar, often with the nucleus near the base (outer edge)

138
Q

Fig. 31

What is found between the crypts of Lieberkühn?

A

They are lying on a basement membrane, with connective tissue surrounding

139
Q

Fig. 31

Caption this image.

A

Simple columnar epithelium lining the crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands) in the mucosa of the colon (transverse section).

140
Q

Fig. 31

Annotate this image

A
  • Transverse section
  • Higher magnification
  • Crypts of Lieberkühn
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Nucleus near base
  • Sitting on basement membrane
  • Connective tissue surrounding
141
Q

Draw an image of he crypts of Lieberkühn in transverse section, as would appear on a histology slide

A

See Fig. 31

Simple columnar epithelium lining the crypts of Lieberkühn (intestinal glands) in the mucosa of the colon (transverse section).

142
Q

What do simple columnar cells sometimes have on them?

A

Microvilli

143
Q

On what type of epithelia are microvilli sometimes found?

A

Simple columnar

144
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Tiny little projections

145
Q

What are the tiny little projections sometimes found on simple columnar cells called?

A

Microvilli

146
Q

How many microvilli per cell?

A

At least 1,000 - they are tiny.

147
Q

What do you use to visualise microvilli?

A

Can’t see them with a normal microscope, you’d have to use an electron microscope

148
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

They increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients, which is largely what the gut is about.

149
Q

Fig. 32

Caption this image

A

Simple columnar with microvilli.

MICROVILLI are much smaller than those depicted here and can only be seen as individual entities under the electron microscope. They increase the surface area available for absorption.

150
Q

Draw an image of simple columnar with microvilli membrane.

A

See Fig. 32

Simple columnar with microvilli.

*Note: MICROVILLI are much smaller than those depicted here and can only be seen as individual entities under the electron microscope. They increase the surface area available for absorption.

151
Q

What epithelia lines the villi of small intestines?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

152
Q

What does simple columnar epithelia line in the small intestine?

A
  • Villi

- Crypts

153
Q

Fig. 33 (Left)

Caption the image.

A

Simple columnar epithelium lining villi of the small intestine - scanning electron micrograph (SEM).

154
Q

Draw how villi of the small intestine would look on an SEM.

A

See Fig. 33 (left)

Simple columnar epithelium lining villi of the small intestine - individual villi can only be seen on an SEM - they are tiny.

155
Q

Fig. 33 (Right)

Caption and label this image.

A
  • basement membrane
  • intestinal gland
  • artery
  • lymphatic vessel
  • lacteal vein (a lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine.)

Simple columnar epithelium lining villi of the small intestine

156
Q

Draw a cross-section of the intestine, depicting villi and an intestinal gland.

A

See Fig. 33 (right)

  • basement membrane
  • intestinal gland
  • artery
  • lymphatic vessel
  • lacteal vein (a lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine.)

Simple columnar epithelium lining villi of the small intestine

157
Q

What is the location of simple columnar epithelium?

A
  • Stomach lining
  • Gastric glands
  • Small intestine
  • Colon

(i.e. huge part of GI tract is covered by simple columnar epithelium).

158
Q

What epithelia do you find in the stomach lining & gastric glands, small intestine & colon?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

159
Q

What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A
  • Absorption
  • Secretion
  • Lubrication
160
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium in the small intestine and colon, and gallbladder?

A

Absorption

161
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium in the stomach lining & gastric glands, small intestine and colon?

A

Secretion

162
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium in the small intestine and colon?

A

Lubrication
(Absorption
Secretion)

163
Q

Where does simple columnar epithelium have a function in absorption?

A

small intestine and colon, gallbladder

164
Q

Where does simple columnar epithelium have a function in secretion?

A

stomach lining & gastric glands, small intestine and colon

165
Q

Where does simple columnar epithelium have a function in lubrication?

A

small intestine and colon

166
Q

Pseudostratified epithelia is simple or stratified?

A

Simple, by definition: it looks stratified but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane, thus, it is only one cell layer thick.

167
Q

Why does pseudostratified epithelia look stratified?

A

The nuclei are at different levels, giving the appearance of stratification.

168
Q

What do all cells touch in pseudostratified epithelia?

A

The basement membrane

169
Q

What don’t all cells touch in pseudostratified epithelia?

A

Not all cells reach the epithelial surface (hence, different nuclei levels and appearance of stratification).

170
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelia?

A

Pseudostratified epithelia are those in which all cells make contact with the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the epithelial surface. This results in nuclei lying at different levels, giving a false impression of multiple layers of cells.

171
Q

Which epithelia is described by “those in which all cells make contact with the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the epithelial surface”?

A

Pseudostratified epithelia

172
Q

Fig. 35

Label and caption this image.

A

Pseudostratified epithelia are those in which all cells make contact with the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the epithelial surface. This results in nuclei lying at different levels, giving a false impression of multiple layers of cells.

Note: the cells should be touching the basement membrane, although not all cells touch the epithelial surface.

173
Q

Draw pseudostratified epithelia.

A

See Fig. 35

Pseudostratified epithelia are those in which all cells make contact with the basement membrane, but not all cells reach the epithelial surface. This results in nuclei lying at different levels, giving a false impression of multiple layers of cells.

Note: the cells should be touching the basement membrane, although not all cells touch the epithelial surface.

174
Q

What is a lacteal vein?

A

A lacteal is a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine.

175
Q

What term is used to describe a lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine?

A

A lacteal

176
Q

Give a classic example of a location of pseudostratified epithelia.

A

Upper respiratory tract

177
Q

The upper respiratory tract contains a classic example of a specific type of epithelia. Which is this?

A

Pseudostratified

178
Q

What is the pseudostratified epithelia of the upper respiratory tract sometimes called?

A

Respiratory epithelium.

179
Q

The upper respiratory tract epithelium is sometimes known as respiratory epithelium. What type of epithelium does this contain?

A

(Ciliated) Pseudostratified epithelium

180
Q

Other than its pseudostratified nature, give one other feature of the epithelium in the upper respiratory tract.

A

It’s ciliated.

181
Q

Give an example of ciliated epithelium

A

In the upper respiratory tract

182
Q

What is the only type of membrane in which you can visualise the basement membrane?

A

Respiratory epithelium, for some reason it’s thicker

183
Q

What is thicker in respiratory epithelium but not in other epithelia?

A

The basement membrane, for some reason it’s thicker and is the only type where it can be visualised.

184
Q

What is a function of cilia?

A

They are motile

185
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

They secrete mucous in the respiratory system

186
Q

What are the cells that secrete mucous in the respiratory tract called?

A

Goblet cells

187
Q

What do goblet cells look like?

A

They are goblet-shaped, got very thin stem - like a wine glass.

188
Q

Name the goblet-shaped cell.

A

Goblet cells

189
Q

Fig. 36

Label the goblet cells and basement membrane.

A

See image

190
Q

Fig. 36

Caption the image

A

Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium of the upper respiratory tract.

Note motile cilia, and mucus secreting goblet cells (G) (lighter one).

191
Q

Draw the respiratory epithelium as it would appear in a histology slide.

A

See Fig. 36

Pseudostratified (1) ciliated (1) epithelium of the upper respiratory tract (1)

G G (lighter ones) Note motile cilia (1), and mucus (1) secreting (1) goblet cells (G) (1).

192
Q

How would you identify a goblet cell on a histology slide?

A
  • Lighter with H&E stain
  • Goblet-shaped
  • Very thin stem (like a wine glass)
193
Q

What do goblet cells secrete?

A

Mucous

194
Q

What secretes mucous in the respiratory tract?

A

Goblet cells

ESA 1 - Body Logistics (18 decks)

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